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A xerophyte (from Ancient Greek ξηρός (xērós) 'dry' and φυτόν (phutón) 'plant') is a species of plant that has adaptations to survive in an environment with little liquid water. Examples of xerophytes include cacti , pineapple and some gymnosperm plants.
As a xerophytic adaptation, its leaves curl during drought (see pictures). The relatively high humidity within the curled leaf prevents a rapid water loss. This is facilitated by the bulliform cells located at the base of the V-shaped notch which swells and makes the leaf uncurl when filled with water. [8] This plant is highly adaptive in sand ...
A single leaf of marram grass, showing the rolled leaf which reduces water loss Like other xerophytes , marram grass is well adapted to its surroundings to thrive in an otherwise harsh environment. The natural loss of water through transpiration is not desirable in a very dry landscape, and marram grass has developed particular adaptations to ...
Ammophila breviligulata is perennial grass which produces an extensive rhizome system. The leaves have deeply furrowed upper surfaces and smooth undersides, and grow 1 to 3 feet (0.3 to 0.9 m) tall. The plant's inflorescence is a spike-like panicle that can reach 10 inches (25 cm) long; The spikelet is single-flowered, awnless. [4]
In most such species, the tumbleweed is in effect the entire plant apart from the root system, but in other plants, a hollow fruit or inflorescence might detach instead. [1] Xerophyte tumbleweed species occur most commonly in steppe and arid ecosystems, where frequent wind and the open environment permit rolling without prohibitive obstruction. [2]
These plants, normally woody perennials, grow stems into the air, with their resting buds being more than 50 cm above the soil surface, [10] e.g. trees and shrubs, and also epiphytes, which Raunkiær later separated as a distinct class (see below).
Xerophyllum tenax is a North American species of plants in the corn lily family. [1] [2] It is known by several common names, including bear grass, soap grass, quip-quip, and Indian basket grass. [3] The name "beargrass" is thought to come from its connection to both the plant's habitat and its relationship with bears.
Anthoxanthum odoratum is a short-lived perennial grass, commonly known as sweet vernal grass, that is native to acidic grassland in Eurasia and northern Africa. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It is grown as a lawn grass and a house plant , due to its sweet scent, and can also be found on unimproved pastures and meadows.