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The red curve is an epicycloid traced as the small circle (radius r = 1) rolls around the outside of the large circle (radius R = 3).. In geometry, an epicycloid (also called hypercycloid) [1] is a plane curve produced by tracing the path of a chosen point on the circumference of a circle—called an epicycle—which rolls without slipping around a fixed circle.
The biconical antenna has a broad bandwidth because it is an example of a traveling wave structure; the analysis for a theoretical infinite antenna resembles that of a transmission line. For an infinite antenna, the characteristic impedance at the point of connection is a function of the cone angle only and is independent of the frequency.
The second antenna is a reference antenna, which points rigidly at the first antenna. Each antenna is alternately connected to a transmitter having a particular source impedance, and a receiver having the same input impedance (the impedance may differ between the two antennas).
The first technique developed was the far-field range, where the antenna under test (AUT) is placed in the far-field of a range antenna. Due to the size required to create a far-field range for large antennas, near-field techniques were developed, which allow the measurement of the field on a distance close to the antenna (typically 3 to 10 ...
A reference antenna is an antenna with known performance. It is normally used to calibrate other systems. It is normally used to calibrate other systems. During a relative calibration, an antenna's phase center offset (PCO) and phase center variations (PCV) are computed with respect to the reference antenna which is normally assigned zero PCV ...
Paradoxically, every antenna of any type, shorter than ~ 1 / 10 wave in its longest dimension is approximately isotropic, but no real antenna can ever be exactly isotropic. An antenna that is exactly isotropic is only a mathematical model, used as the base of comparison to calculate either the directivity or gain of real antennas.
A turnstile antenna, or crossed-dipole antenna, [1] is a radio antenna consisting of a set of two identical dipole antennas mounted at right angles to each other and fed in phase quadrature; the two currents applied to the dipoles are 90° out of phase. [2] [3] The name reflects the notion the antenna looks like a turnstile when mounted ...
This produced the Antenna Modeling Program, or AMP, which was extensively modified to support disk-based files, simplify the input and output to make it easier to use, and extensively documented. A follow-up, AMP2, added calculations for extended surfaces like reflectors. [2] NEC is an advanced version of AMP2, with more options and features.