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Keratin (/ ˈ k ɛr ə t ɪ n / [1] [2]) is one of a family of structural fibrous proteins also known as scleroproteins. It is the key structural material making up scales , hair , nails , feathers , horns , claws , hooves , and the outer layer of skin in vertebrates.
Sericin is a protein created by Bombyx mori (silkworms) in the production of silk. [1] Silk is a fibre produced by the silkworm in production of its cocoon.It consists mainly of two proteins, fibroin and sericin.
The earliest evidence of humans using fibers is the discovery of wool and dyed flax fibers found in a prehistoric cave in the Republic of Georgia that date back to 36,000 BP. [ 5 ] [ 6 ] Natural fibers can be used for high-tech applications, such as composite parts for automobiles and medical supplies.
[1] [2] [3] Silk fibroin is considered a β-keratin related to proteins that form hair, skin, nails and connective tissues. Primary structure of fibroin, (Gly-Ser-Gly-Ala-Gly-Ala) n. The silk worm produces fibroin with three chains, the light, heavy, and the glycoprotein P25.
Natural skin care uses topical creams and lotions made of ingredients available in nature. [1] Much of the recent literature reviews plant-derived ingredients, which may include herbs, roots, flowers and essential oils, [2] [3] [4] but natural substances in skin care products include animal-derived products such as beeswax, and minerals.
Silk is a natural protein fiber, some forms of which can be woven into textiles. The protein fiber of silk is composed mainly of fibroin and is most commonly produced by certain insect larvae to form cocoons. [1] The best-known silk is obtained from the cocoons of the larvae of the mulberry silkworm Bombyx mori reared in captivity (sericulture).
The first sequences of keratins revealed that keratins could be grouped into two categories based on their sequence homologies. [1] [2] These two groups of keratins were named as type I and type II keratins. [2]