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If G is a directed graph, its directed line graph or line digraph has one vertex for each edge of G. Two vertices representing directed edges from u to v and from w to x in G are connected by an edge from uv to wx in the line digraph when v = w. That is, each edge in the line digraph of G represents a length-two directed path in G.
In mathematics, the term undefined refers to a value, function, or other expression that cannot be assigned a meaning within a specific formal system. [ 1 ] Attempting to assign or use an undefined value within a particular formal system, may produce contradictory or meaningless results within that system.
A graph with three vertices and three edges. A graph (sometimes called an undirected graph to distinguish it from a directed graph, or a simple graph to distinguish it from a multigraph) [4] [5] is a pair G = (V, E), where V is a set whose elements are called vertices (singular: vertex), and E is a set of unordered pairs {,} of vertices, whose elements are called edges (sometimes links or lines).
Graph of the linear function: () = + In calculus and related areas of mathematics, a linear function from the real numbers to the real numbers is a function whose graph (in Cartesian coordinates) is a non-vertical line in the plane. [1]
The graph of f is a concave up parabola, the critical point is the abscissa of the vertex, where the tangent line is horizontal, and the critical value is the ordinate of the vertex and may be represented by the intersection of this tangent line and the y-axis.
Line chart showing the population of the town of Pushkin, Saint Petersburg from 1800 to 2010, measured at various intervals. A line chart or line graph, also known as curve chart, [1] is a type of chart that displays information as a series of data points called 'markers' connected by straight line segments. [2]
A "(square) diagonal" line has unit slope: = A "horizontal" line (the graph of a constant function) has zero slope: =. A "vertical" line has undefined or infinite slope (see below). If two points of a road have altitudes y 1 and y 2, the rise is the difference (y 2 − y 1) = Δy.
quasi-line graph A quasi-line graph or locally co-bipartite graph is a graph in which the open neighborhood of every vertex can be partitioned into two cliques. These graphs are always claw-free and they include as a special case the line graphs. They are used in the structure theory of claw-free graphs. quasi-random graph sequence