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Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is a disease where prolonged tachycardia (a fast heart rate) or arrhythmia (an irregular heart rhythm) causes an impairment of the myocardium (heart muscle), which can result in heart failure.
A common clinical problem is determining whether the tachycardia is the primary cause of the patient's cardiomyopathy, or if the tachycardia is secondary to a cardiomyopathy of different etiology. This topic will discuss arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy as a primary cause of cardiomyopathy.
Tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is defined as systolic and/or diastolic ventricular dysfunction resulting from a prolonged elevated heart rate which is reversible upon control of the arrhythmia or the heart rate.
The term arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy (AiCM) refers to a reversible type of cardiomyopathy and includes distinct entities of tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (T-CM), atrial fibrillation-induced cardiomyopathy (AF-CM), and premature ventricular contraction-induced cardiomyopathy (PVC-CM).
The following are key points to remember from a state-of-the-art review on arrhythmia-induced cardiomyopathy (AiCM): AiCM encompasses tachycardia-induced CM (T-CM), atrial fibrillation–induced CM (AF-CM), and premature ventricular contraction (PVC)-induced CM (PVC-CM).
Cardiomyopathy (kahr-dee-o-my-OP-uh-thee) is a disease of the heart muscle. It causes the heart to have a harder time pumping blood to the rest of the body, which can lead to symptoms of heart failure.
Long-standing tachycardia is a well-recognised cause of heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction, and has led to the nomenclature, tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC). TIC is generally a reversible cardiomyopathy if the causative tachycardia can be treated effectively, either with medications, surgery or catheter ablation.
This type of cardiomyopathy, referred to as tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy, can be caused by any tachyarrhythmia leading to prolonged periods of rapid ventricular rate (Table 1). Children and healthy adults may also develop tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (Gopinnathair et al).
Tachycardiomyopathies (TCMP) are an important cause of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction that should be recognised by physicians as they are potentially reversible and have a significant impact on morbidity and prognosis. They are classically defined as the reversible impairment of ventricular function induced by persistent arrhythmia.
Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) is defined as systolic and/or diastolic ventricular dysfunction secondary to prolonged elevated heart rate, reversible upon control of the arrhythmia or heart rate.