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Stem cells are cells found in all multi-cellular organisms. They were isolated in mice in 1981, and in humans in 1998. [1] In humans there are many types of stem cells, each with varying levels of potency. Potency is a measure of a cell's differentiation potential, or the number of other cell types that can be made from that stem cell.
As the number of MSC's that can be isolated from bone marrow is fairly limited, most research in cartilage regeneration has focused on the use of culture-expanded cells. This method can expand cell numbers by 100–10,000 fold over several weeks. Once these MSCs are ready for re-implantation, they are usually transferred with growth factors to ...
Stem-cell therapy uses stem cells to treat or prevent a disease or condition. [1] As of 2016, the only established therapy using stem cells is hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. [2] This usually takes the form of a bone marrow transplantation, but the cells can also be derived from umbilical cord blood.
Hip replacement is one of the most common orthopaedic operations, though patient satisfaction varies widely. Approximately 58% of total hip replacements are estimated to last 25 years. The average cost of a total hip replacement in 2012 was $40,364 in the United States, and about $7,700 to $12,000 in most European countries.
Articular cartilage is a connective tissue overlying the ends of bones that provides smooth joint surfaces. Healthy cartilage is essential to the proper functioning of joints within the body. Cartilage is composed of cells embedded in an extracellular matrix of collagen fibers and proteoglycans. It contains no blood vessels therefore its cells ...
The human body's own cartilage is still the best material for lining knee joints. This drives efforts to develop ways of using a person's own cells to grow, or re-grow cartilage tissue to replace missing or damaged cartilage. One cell-based replacement technique is called autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) or autologous chondrocyte ...
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