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Pantothenic acid is a water-soluble vitamin, one of the B vitamins. It is synthesized from the amino acid β-alanine and pantoic acid (see biosynthesis and structure of coenzyme A figures). Unlike vitamin E or vitamin K, which occurs in several chemically related forms known as vitamers, pantothenic acid is only one chemical compound.
Pantothenic acid is involved in the oxidation of fatty acids and carbohydrates. Coenzyme A, which can be synthesised from pantothenic acid, is involved in the synthesis of amino acids, fatty acids, ketone bodies, cholesterol, [better source needed] phospholipids, steroid hormones, neurotransmitters (such as acetylcholine), and antibodies.
Panthenol (also called pantothenol) is the alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B 5 ), and is thus a provitamin of B 5. In organisms, it is quickly oxidized to pantothenic acid. It is a viscous transparent liquid at room temperature. Panthenol is used in pharmaceutical and kids products as a moisturizer and to fasten wound healing.
Coenzyme A ( CoA, SHCoA, CoASH) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. All genomes sequenced to date encode enzymes that use coenzyme A as a substrate, and around 4% of cellular enzymes use it (or a thioester) as a substrate.
Cysteamine. Cysteamine is an organosulfur compound with the formula HSCH2CH2NH2. A white, water-soluble solid, it contains both an amine and a thiol functional groups. It is often used as salts of the ammonium derivative [HSCH 2 CH 2 NH 3] + [12] including the hydrochloride, phosphocysteamine, and the bitartrate. [13]
Niacin, also known as nicotinic acid, is an organic compound and a vitamer of vitamin B 3, an essential human nutrient. [3] It is produced by plants and animals from the amino acid tryptophan. [4] Niacin is obtained in the diet from a variety of whole and processed foods, with highest contents in fortified packaged foods, meat, poultry, red ...
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