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The monarch of Malaysia is the Yang di-Pertuan Agong (YDPA), commonly referred to as the Supreme King of Malaysia. Malaysia is a constitutional elective monarchy, the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is selected for a five-year term from among the nine Sultans of the Malay states. The other four states that do not have monarch kings, are ruled by ...
The Rukun Negara was declared officially by the fourth Yang di-Pertuan Agong, Ismail Nasiruddin of Terengganu on August 31, 1970, which is the Malaysian Independence Day. The declaration was held on the 13th Independence Day celebration at Dataran Merdeka (formerly known as Selangor Club Padang).
Every five years or when a vacancy occurs, the rulers convene as the Conference of Rulers (Malay: Majlis Raja-Raja) to elect among themselves the Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the federal constitutional monarch and head of state of Malaysia. [1] As the Yang di-Pertuan Agong is elected among the rulers, [2] Malaysia, as a whole, is also an elective ...
The Governors include the Yang di-Pertua-Yang di-Pertua Negeri of Penang, Malacca, Sabah and Sarawak. All 13 Heads of State comprise the Conference of Rulers, but only the 9 Rulers from the States of Malaya are eligible to be elected as Yang di-Pertuan Agong, the Supreme Head of the Federation on a rotational basis according to seniority.
It began with the first meeting of the Council of State in Perak, where the Yang di-Pertuan Agong first started to assert their influence in the Malay states. Under the terms of the Pangkor Engagement of 1874 between the Sultan of Perak and the British, the Sultan was obliged to accept a British Resident.
Although Malaya was effectively governed by the British, the Malays held de jure sovereignty over Malaya. A former British High Commissioner, Hugh Clifford, urged "everyone in this country [to] be mindful of the fact that this is a Malay country, and we British came here at the invitation of Their Highnesses the Malay Rulers, and it is our duty to help the Malays to rule their own country."
The dual system of law is provided in Article 121(1A) of the Constitution of Malaysia. Article 3 also provides that Islamic law is a state law matter with the exception for the Federal Territories of Malaysia. [1] Islamic law refers to sharia law, and in Malaysia it is known and spelled as syariah. The court is known as the Syariah Court ...
As of 2008, although Malaysia is a de jure federation, many perceive it as a de facto unitary state - power is heavily consolidated to the federal government during Mahathir Mohamad's term as prime minister. [1] Some suggest that opposition triumphs in several of the 2008 state elections will alter the political climate and approach towards ...