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Lipase inhibitors can be found naturally in plants and can also be produced as pharmaceutical drugs.Some lipase inhibitors have been identified in Panax ginseng. [5] [6] Some active compounds with chalcone scaffold found in Glycyrrhiza glabra, Cassia mimosoides, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Boesenbergia rotunda, apples and Morus alba also had strong effect against lipase.
Initially orlistat was developed as a treatment for dyslipidemia, not as an anti-obesity agent. When researchers found out that it promotes less energy uptake, the focus was switched to obesity. [11] Orlistat has a few adverse effects. Most reported side effects are gastrointestinal; including liquid stools, steatorrhea and abdominal pain.
Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a sudden inflammation of the pancreas.Causes include a gallstone impacted in the common bile duct or the pancreatic duct, heavy alcohol use, systemic disease, trauma, elevated calcium levels, hypertriglyceridemia (with triglycerides usually being very elevated, over 1000 mg/dL), certain medications, hereditary causes and, in children, mumps.
Blood pressure may be elevated by pain or decreased by dehydration or bleeding. Heart and respiratory rates are often elevated. The abdomen is usually tender but to a lesser degree than the pain itself. As is common in abdominal disease, bowel sounds may be reduced from reflex bowel paralysis. Fever or jaundice may be present.
The abdominal pain can be very severe and require high doses of analgesics, sometimes including opiates. Medications such as pregabalin, gabapentin, tricyclic antidepressants and serotonin–norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly used to treat pain in chronic pancreatitis. [3]
The treatment is also known as pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy or PERT. [6] Common side effects include vomiting, abdominal pain, constipation, and diarrhea. [3] Other side effects include perianal irritation and high blood uric acid. [5] The enzymes are from pigs. [5] Use is believed to be safe during pregnancy. [5]
Fibrosing colonopathy is a disease that arises in people with cystic fibrosis treated with high doses of pancreatic enzyme supplements. [1] [2] Symptoms are non-specific with abdominal pain, abdominal swelling, vomiting, and constipation. [1]
However, replacement therapy, a similar treatment, can cost over $300,000 per year, for life. [4] In 2015, uniQure dropped its plans for approval in the US and exclusively licensed rights to sell the drug in Europe to Chiesi Farmaceutici for €31 million. [8] [4] As of 2016, only one person had received the drug outside of a clinical trial. [8]