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  2. Effects of climate change on the water cycle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change...

    This is because ocean warming increases near-surface stratification, subsurface layer is still in equilibrium with the colder climate. This causes the surface amplification to be stronger than older models predicted. [33] An instrument carried by the SAC-D satellite Aquarius, launched in June 2011, measured global sea surface salinity. [34] [35]

  3. Global warming hiatus - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_warming_hiatus

    Publicity has surrounded claims of a global warming hiatus during the period 1998–2013. The exceptionally warm El Niño year of 1998 was an outlier from the continuing temperature trend, and so subsequent annual temperatures gave the appearance of a hiatus: by January 2006, it appeared to some that global warming had stopped or paused. [2]

  4. Climate change - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Climate_change

    In the 1980s, the terms global warming and climate change became more common, often being used interchangeably. [29] [30] [31] Scientifically, global warming refers only to increased surface warming, while climate change describes both global warming and its effects on Earth's climate system, such as precipitation changes. [28]

  5. Transient climate response to cumulative carbon emissions

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transient_climate_response...

    [9] [2] This means that for a given amount of carbon emissions, a related amount of global warming can reasonably be expected. [ 6 ] [ 14 ] The IPCC Sixth Assessment Report , which is the most thorough estimate as of 2021, [ 3 ] suggests a likely TCRE of 1.4 °C–2.2 °C per Tt C (or 1000 Pg C), a narrowing of the 0.8° to 2.5 °C per Tt C ...

  6. Effects of climate change on oceans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_climate_change...

    For example, the water is colder towards the bottom of the ocean. This temperature stratification will increase as the ocean surface warms due to rising air temperatures. [5]: 471 Connected to this is a decline in mixing of the ocean layers, so that warm water stabilises near the surface. A reduction of cold, deep water circulation follows. The ...

  7. Tipping points in the climate system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tipping_points_in_the...

    It also cools when it is exposed to cooler air. Cold, salty water is more dense and slowly begins to sink. Several kilometres below the surface, cold, dense water begins to move south. [71] Increased rainfall and the melting of ice due to global warming dilutes the salty surface water, and warming further decreases its density.

  8. Runaway greenhouse effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runaway_greenhouse_effect

    Water condenses on the surface, leading to carbon dioxide dissolving and chemically binding to minerals. This reduced the greenhouse effect, lowering the temperature and causing more water to condense. The result was lower temperatures, with water being frozen as subsurface permafrost, leaving only a thin atmosphere.

  9. Thermal pollution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_pollution

    This can create surface water temperatures that lead to releases of warm air into the atmosphere, increasing air temperature. [3] It therefore can be seen as a contributor to global warming. [28] Many ecological effects will be compounded by climate change as well, as ambient temperature rises in water bodies. [11]