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In logical block addressing, only one number is used to address data, and each linear base address describes a single block. The LBA scheme replaces earlier schemes which exposed the physical details of the storage device to the software of the operating system. Chief among these was the cylinder-head-sector (CHS) scheme, where blocks were addressed by means
Extend memory with an additional bit, writable only in supervisor mode, that indicates that a particular location is a capability. This is a generalization of the use of tag bits to protect segment descriptors in the Burroughs large systems , and it was used to protect capabilities in the IBM System/38 .
Flat memory model or linear memory model refers to a memory addressing paradigm in which "memory appears to the program as a single contiguous address space." [ 1 ] The CPU can directly (and linearly ) address all of the available memory locations without having to resort to any sort of bank switching , memory segmentation or paging schemes.
The root of the problem is that no appropriate address-arithmetic instructions suitable for flat addressing of the entire memory range are available. [citation needed] Flat addressing is possible by applying multiple instructions, which however leads to slower programs. The memory model concept derives from the setup of the segment registers.
4-level paging of the 64-bit mode. In the 4-level paging scheme (previously known as IA-32e paging), the 64-bit virtual memory address is divided into five parts. The lowest 12 bits contain the offset within the 4 KiB memory page, and the following 36 bits are evenly divided between the four 9 bit descriptors, each linking to a 64-bit page table entry in a 512-entry page table for each of the ...
As far as activating PSE-36, there isn't however a separate bit from the one that turns on PSE. [10] As long the processor (as indicated by cpuid) and chipset support PSE-36, enabling PSE alone (by setting bit 4, PSE, of the system register CR4) allows the use of large 4 MB pages (in the 64 GB range) along with normal 4 KB pages (which are however restricted to the 4 GB range).
Gather/scatter is a type of memory addressing that at once collects (gathers) from, or stores (scatters) data to, multiple, arbitrary indices. Examples of its use include sparse linear algebra operations, [ 1 ] sorting algorithms, fast Fourier transforms , [ 2 ] and some computational graph theory problems. [ 3 ]
To address all pixels of such a display in the shortest time, either entire rows or entire columns have to be addressed sequentially. As many images are shown on a 16:9 aspect ratio, the sequential addressing is typically done row-by-row (i. e. line-by-line). In this case, fewer rows than columns have to be refreshed periodically.