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While Lenin was absent, of 5 September 1918 Sovnarkom passed a decree, "On Red Terror", which Lenin later endorsed. [185] This decree called for perceived class enemies of the proletariat to be isolated in concentration camps , and for those aiding the White Armies or rebellions to be shot; it decreed that the names of those executed should ...
Kautsky pleaded with Lenin against using violence as a form of terrorism because it was indiscriminate, intended to frighten the civilian population and included the taking and executing hostages: "Among the phenomena for which Bolshevism has been responsible, terrorism, which begins with the abolition of every form of freedom of the Press, and ...
Not all scholars agree on Lenin's position towards terrorism. Joan Witte contends that he opposed the practice except when it was wielded by the party and the Red Army after 1917. [24] She also suggests that he opposed the use of terrorism as a mindless act but endorsed its use in order to advance the communist revolution. [24]
He was willing to use military force to ensure this unity, resulting in armed incursions into the independent states that formed in Ukraine, Georgia, Poland, Finland, and the Baltic states. [459] Only when its conflicts with Finland, the Baltic states, and Poland proved unsuccessful did Lenin's government officially recognise their independence ...
Following the October Revolution, Vladimir Lenin became the head of the new government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic. It was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars, effectively his cabinet. Ten of the council's fourteen members would later be killed during Joseph Stalin's Great Purge. [1] [2]
Lenin first confronts the so-called economist trend in Russian social democracy that followed the line of Eduard Bernstein. [ 3 ] : 30 He explains that Bernstein's positions were opportunist , a point expressed by the French socialist Alexandre Millerand as in taking a post in a bourgeois government.
Revolutionary terror, also referred to as revolutionary terrorism or reign of terror, [1] refers to the institutionalized application of force to counter-revolutionaries, particularly during the French Revolution from the years 1793 to 1795 (see the Reign of Terror).
Manifestation of war veterans and invalids in Petrograd on 17 April 1917 against Lenin's arrival. The April Theses (Russian: апрельские тезисы, transliteration: aprel'skie tezisy) were a series of ten directives issued by the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin upon his April 1917 return to Petrograd from his exile in Switzerland via Germany and Finland.