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  2. Antoine Lavoisier - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antoine_Lavoisier

    Antoine-Laurent de Lavoisier (/ l ə ˈ v w ɑː z i eɪ / lə-VWAH-zee-ay; [1] [2] [3] French: [ɑ̃twan lɔʁɑ̃ də lavwazje]; 26 August 1743 – 8 May 1794), [4] also Antoine Lavoisier after the French Revolution, was a French nobleman and chemist who was central to the 18th-century chemical revolution and who had a large influence on both the history of chemistry and the history of biology.

  3. History of experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_experiments

    The experiments of Antoine Lavoisier (1743–1794), a French chemist regarded as the founder of modern chemistry, were among the first to be truly quantitative. Lavoisier showed that although matter changes its state in a chemical reaction , the quantity of matter is the same at the end as at the beginning of every chemical reaction.

  4. Éleuthère Irénée du Pont - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Éleuthère_Irénée_du_Pont

    Eleuthère (right) and his mentor, Antoine Lavoisier. In 1791, du Pont began to help his father manage their small publishing house in Paris, where they published a republican newspaper in support of governmental reforms in France. Du Pont was a member of the pro-Revolution national guard and supported the Jacobins.

  5. Phlogiston theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlogiston_theory

    The theory was challenged by the concomitant weight increase and was abandoned before the end of the 18th century following experiments by Antoine Lavoisier in the 1770s and by other scientists. Phlogiston theory led to experiments that ultimately resulted in the identification ( c. 1771 ), and naming (1777), of oxygen by Joseph Priestley and ...

  6. List of multiple discoveries - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_multiple_discoveries

    Commonly cited examples of multiple independent discovery are the 17th-century independent formulation of calculus by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz; [3] [4] the 18th-century discovery of oxygen by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, Joseph Priestley, Antoine Lavoisier and others; and the theory of the evolution of species, independently advanced ...

  7. List of experiments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_experiments

    Antoine Lavoisier determines that oxygen combines with materials upon combustion, thus disproving phlogiston theory (1783). Antoine Lavoisier determines that chemical reactions in a closed container do not alter total mass. From these observations he establishes the law of conservation of mass (1789).

  8. Chemical revolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_revolution

    One of Lavoisier's main influences was Étienne Bonnet, abbé de Condillac. Condillac's approach to scientific research, which was the basis of Lavoisier's approach in Traité, was to demonstrate that human beings could create a mental representation of the world using gathered evidence. In Lavoisier's preface to Traité, he states

  9. Caloric theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloric_theory

    There is one version of the caloric theory that was introduced by Antoine Lavoisier. Prior to Lavoisier's caloric theory, published references concerning heat and its existence, outside of being an agent for chemical reactions, were sparse only having been offered by Joseph Black in Rozier's Journal (1772) citing the melting temperature of ice. [2]