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Nitrofurantoin, sold under the brand name Macrobid among others, is an antibacterial medication of the nitrofuran class used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), although it is not as effective for kidney infections. [16] It is taken by mouth. [16] Common side effects include nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and headaches. [16]
Klebsiella aerogenes, [2] previously known as Enterobacter aerogenes, is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, citrate-positive, indole-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. [3] Capable of motility via peritrichous flagella, [ 4 ] it is approximately one to three microns in length.
Antibiotic sensitivity testing is also conducted at a population level in some countries as a form of screening. [4] This is to assess the background rates of resistance to antibiotics (for example with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ), and may influence guidelines and public health measures.
Klebsiella species are known to also infect a variety of other animals, both as normal flora and opportunistic pathogens. [ 4 ] Klebsiella organisms can lead to a wide range of disease states, notably pneumonia , urinary tract infections , sepsis , meningitis , diarrhea , peritonitis and soft tissue infections.
The Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection Program noted that resistance within K. pneumoniae alone increased from 0.6% in 2004 to 5.6% in 2008. [10] The first outbreak involving colistin-resistant, carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) in the U.S. was discovered in Detroit , Michigan in 2009, involving three different ...
The genus Klebsiella was named after the German microbiologist Edwin Klebs (1834–1913). [citation needed] It is also known as Friedlander's bacillum in honor of Carl Friedländer, a German pathologist, who proposed that this bacterium was the etiological factor for the pneumonia seen especially in immunocompromised individuals such as people with chronic diseases or alcoholics.
Clinicians will often treat symptomatic bacteriuria based on the results of the urine dipstick test while waiting for the culture results. [citation needed] Bacteriuria can usually be detected using a urine dipstick test. The nitrite test detects nitrate-reducing bacteria if growing in high numbers in urine. A negative dipstick test does not ...
Klebsiella oxytoca on agar plate. Klebsiella oxytoca is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is closely related to K. pneumoniae, from which it is distinguished by being indole-positive; it also has slightly different growth characteristics in that it is able to grow on melezitose, but not 3-hydroxybutyrate.