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Some drugs need to be used with caution in patients with renal dysfunction. The use of nitrofurantoin is contraindicated in patients with an estimated GFR of less than 30 mL/min/1.73m 2 as drug accumulation can lead to increased side effects and impaired recovery of the urinary tract, increasing the risk of treatment failure. [29]
Nitrofurantoin, sold under the brand name Macrobid among others, is an antibacterial medication of the nitrofuran class used to treat urinary tract infections (UTIs), although it is not as effective for kidney infections. [16] It is taken by mouth. [16] Common side effects include nausea, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and headaches. [16]
Klebsiella species are known to also infect a variety of other animals, both as normal flora and opportunistic pathogens. [ 4 ] Klebsiella organisms can lead to a wide range of disease states, notably pneumonia , urinary tract infections , sepsis , meningitis , diarrhea , peritonitis and soft tissue infections.
Gram-negative bacteria are bacteria that, unlike gram-positive bacteria, do not retain the crystal violet stain used in the Gram staining method of bacterial differentiation. [1] Their defining characteristic is that their cell envelope consists of a thin peptidoglycan cell wall sandwiched between an inner (cytoplasmic) membrane and an outer ...
Klebsiella aerogenes, [2] previously known as Enterobacter aerogenes, is a Gram-negative, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, citrate-positive, indole-negative, rod-shaped bacterium. [3] Capable of motility via peritrichous flagella, [ 4 ] it is approximately one to three microns in length.
Antibiotic sensitivity testing is also conducted at a population level in some countries as a form of screening. [4] This is to assess the background rates of resistance to antibiotics (for example with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ), and may influence guidelines and public health measures.
The Meropenem Yearly Susceptibility Test Information Collection Program noted that resistance within K. pneumoniae alone increased from 0.6% in 2004 to 5.6% in 2008. [10] The first outbreak involving colistin-resistant, carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae (CRKP) in the U.S. was discovered in Detroit , Michigan in 2009, involving three different ...
The evolution of bacteria on a "Mega-Plate" petri dish A list of antibiotic resistant bacteria is provided below. These bacteria have shown antibiotic resistance (or antimicrobial resistance). Gram positive Clostridioides difficile Clostridioides difficile is a nosocomial pathogen that causes diarrheal disease worldwide. Diarrhea caused by C. difficile can be life-threatening. Infections are ...