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The marcher lordship was originally bestowed to the Earls of Surrey of the Warenne family, being seized from the inheritance of lord Madog Crypl, son of prince Gruffudd Fychan I. [2] These lordships historically belonged to the Princes of Powys Fadog, Lords of Yale and Dinas Bran, members of the Royal House of Mathrafal. [3] [2]
A marcher lord (Welsh: barwn y mers) was a noble appointed by the king of England to guard the border (known as the Welsh Marches) between England and Wales. A marcher lord was the English equivalent of a margrave (in the Holy Roman Empire ) or a marquis (in France) before the introduction of the title of "marquess" in Britain; no marcher lord ...
Etymologically, the word "margrave" (Latin: marchio, c. 1551) is the English and French form of the German noble title Markgraf (German pronunciation: [ˈmaʁkˌɡʁaːf] ⓘ; Mark, meaning "march" or "mark", that is, borderland, added to Graf, meaning "Count"); it is related semantically to the English title "Marcher Lord". As a noun and ...
Nevertheless, by the end of the 12th century the Marcher lordships were reduced to the south and south-east of the country. [2] The principality of Gwynedd was the dominant power in Wales in the first half of the 13th century, with Powys and Deheubarth becoming tributary states. [3] Gwynedd's princes now assumed the title "Prince of Wales". [4]
Inspired by Hywel's success, Gruffydd ap Rhys, Prince of Deheubarth, hastened to meet with Gruffydd I of Gwynedd, his father-in-law, to enlist his aid. [4] However, the opportunities presented by the anarchy worked both ways - the absence of Gruffydd ap Rhys from Deheubarth enabled Marcher lords to encroach further into Deheubarth. [7]
[4] [5] [11] The Statute of Rhuddlan in 1284 followed the conquest of the Principality by Edward I of England. It assumed the lands held by the Princes of Gwynedd under the title "Prince of Wales" as legally part of the lands of the Crown, and established shire counties on the English model over those areas. The Marcher Lords were progressively ...
These lords were the descendants of Norman adventurers who had come over to Ireland following Richard FitzGodbert de Roche, Strong-bow, and others who had originally come as mercenaries for an Irish prince. These Norman adventurers had continued their predecessors conquest by making alliances, truces, pushing wars, etc.
The Lordship of Glamorgan was one of the most powerful and wealthy of the Welsh Marcher Lordships. The seat was Cardiff Castle.It was established by the conquest of Glamorgan from its native Welsh ruler, by the Anglo-Norman nobleman Robert FitzHamon, feudal baron of Gloucester, and his legendary followers the Twelve Knights of Glamorgan.