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The philosopher in Indonesian history of philosophy who firstly understood Budi (or more frequently, Kebudayaan) as culture is Sutan Takdir Alisjahbana (1908–1994). Koentjaraningrat, an American-trained anthropologist, then continued using the meaning in his famous book, Manusia dan Kebudayaan di Indonesia. [6]
Koentjaraningrat was born in Yogyakarta, Indonesia on 15 June 1923 to a Pakualaman family. His mother wanted him to obtain a Dutch education, so he was educated at Europeesche Lagere School, followed by Middelbare Uitgebreid Lager Onderwijs and Algemeen Middelbare School in Yogyakarta, later moving to Jakarta to continue his schooling.
The manuscript of the Cultural Manifesto was completed by Wiratmo Soekito on August 17, 1963, at 04.00WIB. Then the manuscript can be accepted by Goenawan and Bokor Hutasuhut as the material that will be submitted to the discussion on August 23, 1963, at Jalan Raden Saleh 19, Jakarta.
Cultural identity can be expressed through certain styles of clothing or other aesthetic markers. Cultural identity is a part of a person's identity, or their self-conception and self-perception, and is related to nationality, ethnicity, religion, social class, generation, locality, gender, or any kind of social group that has its own distinct culture.
The Lembaga Kebudajaan Rakjat (EYD: Lembaga Kebudayaan Rakyat, often abbreviated Lekra; meaning Institute for the People's Culture) was a prolific cultural and social movement associated with the Indonesian Communist Party. Founded in 1950, Lekra pushed for artists, writers and teachers to follow the doctrine of socialist realism.
Selo Soemardjan (May 23, 1915 in Yogyakarta [1] – June 11, 2003 in Jakarta), also spelled as Selo Sumarjan or Selo Sumardjan, was a well known senior academic in sociology at the University of Indonesia, and is known as the Pioneer of Indonesian Social Sciences. [1]
James P. Spradley (1933–1982) was a social scientist and a professor of anthropology at Macalester College. [1] Spradley wrote or edited 20 books on ethnography and qualitative research including The Cultural Experience: Ethnography in Complex Society (1972), Deaf Like Me (1979), The Ethnographic Interview (1979), and Participant Observation (1980).
Melford Elliot Spiro (April 26, 1920 – October 18, 2014) was an American cultural anthropologist specializing in religion and psychological anthropology.He is known for his critiques of the pillars of contemporary anthropological theory—wholesale cultural determinism, radical cultural relativism, and virtually limitless cultural diversity—and for his emphasis on the theoretical ...