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Paños are pen or pencil drawings on fabric, a form of prison artwork made in the Southwest United States created primarily by pintos, or Chicanos who are or have been incarcerated. [1] The first paños, made with pieces of bedsheets and pillowcases, were made in the 1930s. They were originally used to communicate messages.
César Augusto Martínez (born 1944 in Laredo, Texas) is an artist, prominent in the field of Chicano art. While studying at what was then called Texas A&I College (later Texas A&I University), he became involved in the Chicano movement for civil rights.
Paño, a form of pinto arte (a caló term for male prisoner) using pen and pencil, developed in the 1930s, first using bed sheets and pillowcases as canvases. [5] Paño has been described as rasquachismo, a Chicano worldview and artmaking method which makes the most from the least. [6]
Luis Alfonso Jiménez Jr. (July 30, 1940 – June 13, 2006) was an American sculptor and graphic artist of Mexican descent who identified as a Chicano. [1] [2] He was known for portraying Mexican, Southwestern, Hispanic-American, and general themes in his public commissions, some of which are site specific.
Chicano performance art continued with the work of Los Angeles' comedy troupe Culture Clash, Guillermo Gómez-Peña, and Nao Bustamante, known internationally for her conceptual art pieces and as a participant in Work of Art: The Next Great Artist. Chicano performance art became popular in the 1970s, blending humor and pathos for tragicomic effect.
Much of the art and the artists creating Chicano Art were heavily influenced by Chicano Movement (El Movimiento) which began in the 1960s. Chicano art was influenced by post- Mexican Revolution ideologies, pre-Columbian art, European painting techniques and Mexican-American social, political and cultural issues. [ 1 ]
Pencil drawings were not known before the 17th century, [1] with the modern concept of pencil drawings taking shape in the 18th and 19th centuries. [1] Pencil drawings succeeded the older metalpoint drawing stylus, which used metal instead of graphite. [1] Modern artists continue to use the graphite pencil for artworks and sketches. [1]
Charles "Chaz" Bojórquez is a Mexican-American Chicano graffiti artist and painter from Los Angeles who is known for his work in Cholo-style calligraphy. [1] He is credited with bringing the Chicano and Cholo graffiti style into the established art scene.