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The BER is the likelihood of a bit misinterpretation due to electrical noise ().Considering a bipolar NRZ transmission, we have = + for a "1" and () = + for a "0".Each of () and () has a period of .
The probability of type I errors is called the "false reject rate" (FRR) or false non-match rate (FNMR), while the probability of type II errors is called the "false accept rate" (FAR) or false match rate (FMR). If the system is designed to rarely match suspects then the probability of type II errors can be called the "false alarm rate". On the ...
Assuming no systematic errors, the probability the system survives during a duration, T, is calculated as exp^(-T/MTBF). Hence the probability a system fails during a duration T, is given by 1 - exp^(-T/MTBF). MTBF value prediction is an important element in the development of products.
Fano's inequality can be interpreted as a way of dividing the uncertainty of a conditional distribution into two questions given an arbitrary predictor. The first question, corresponding to the term (), relates to the uncertainty of the predictor.
where is the instance, [] the expectation value, is a class into which an instance is classified, (|) is the conditional probability of label for instance , and () is the 0–1 loss function: L ( x , y ) = 1 − δ x , y = { 0 if x = y 1 if x ≠ y {\displaystyle L(x,y)=1-\delta _{x,y}={\begin{cases}0&{\text{if }}x=y\\1&{\text{if }}x\neq y\end ...
x erf x 1 − erf x; 0: 0: 1: 0.02: 0.022 564 575: 0.977 435 425: 0.04: 0.045 111 106: 0.954 888 894: 0.06: 0.067 621 594: 0.932 378 406: 0.08: 0.090 078 126: 0.909 ...
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