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There are multiple types of machine embroidery. Free-motion sewing machine embroidery uses a basic zigzag sewing machine. Designs are done manually. Most commercial embroidery is done with link stitch embroidery. [1] In link stitch embroidery, patterns may be manually or automatically controlled.
Techniques include cutting, clipping, punching, tearing, and carving of paper, as well as nalepianki in which multiple layers are glued together. Subject matter includes peacocks , roosters , and other birds; circular or star-shaped medallions ( gwiazdy ); flowers; and annual holidays such as Easter and Christmas.
In free or surface embroidery, designs are applied without regard to the weave of the underlying fabric. Examples include crewel and traditional Chinese and Japanese embroidery. Counted-thread embroidery patterns are created by making stitches over a predetermined number of threads in the foundation fabric.
Drawn thread embroidery is a very early form of open work embroidery, and is the basis of lace.Drawn thread work from the 12th century was known as Opus Tiratum and Punto Tirato [1] from the Arab Tiraz workshops in Palermo.
An American sampler: "Margaret Barnholt her sampler done in the twelth [sic] year of her age 1831". English band sampler featuring 'boxers', c. 1650 A needlework sampler is a piece of embroidery or cross-stitching produced as a 'specimen of achievement', [1] demonstration or a test of skill in needlework.
Designs with multiple colors required re-threading all of the needles. There were also attachments for boring holes in the fabric. Both stitching and boring require very precise frame movement. Once a row of embroidery is completed the material is rolled upwards and the design is repeated.
Chinese paper cutting, in a style that is practically identical to the original 6th-century form. Jianzhi (Chinese: 剪紙, pinyin: jiǎnzhǐ) is a traditional style of papercutting in China, and it originated from cutting patterns for rich Chinese embroideries and later developed into a folk art in itself.
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