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Polydextrose is a synthetic polymer of glucose. [1] It is a food ingredient classified as soluble fiber by the US FDA as well as Health Canada , as of April 2013 [update] . It is frequently used to increase the dietary fiber content of food, to replace sugar, and to reduce calories and fat content.
Maltodextrin is a name shared by two different families of chemicals. Both families are glucose polymers (also called dextrose polymers or dextrins), but have little chemical or nutritional similarity.
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Dietary fiber is defined to be plant components that are not broken down by human digestive enzymes. [1] In the late 20th century, only lignin and some polysaccharides were known to satisfy this definition, but in the early 21st century, resistant starch and oligosaccharides were included as dietary fiber components.
[4] [5] With excessive use, polydextrose can have a laxative effect, and olestra may cause loss of fat-soluble vitamins in the form of fatty stools and is liquid at body temperature. [6] Esterified propoxylated glycerol (EPG), which is a solid at body temperature, [ 7 ] achieved GRAS status for confectionery uses in November, 2015.
E U riboflavins: 101(i) A E U riboflavin, synthetic (vitamin B 2) colour (yellow and orange) 101(ii) A E Riboflavin-5'-phosphate: colour (yellow and orange) 101(iii) A E riboflavin from Bacillus subtilis: colour (yellow and orange) 102 A E U tartrazine: colour (yellow and orange) (FDA: FD&C Yellow #5) 103 A alkannin, chrysoine resorcinol ...
Inulin is mainly found in the plant family Asteraceae as a storage carbohydrate (e.g. Jerusalem artichoke, dahlia, and yacon). It is used as a sweetener in the food industry, with 10% of the sweetening power of sucrose [ 37 ] and is sometimes added to yogurts as a ' prebiotic '. [ 38 ]
A suitably modified starch is used as a fat substitute for low-fat versions of traditionally fatty foods, [5] e.g. industrial milk-based desserts like yogurt [6] or reduced-fat hard salami [7] having about 1/3 the usual fat content. For the latter type of uses, it is an alternative to the product Olestra.