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Statistical inference makes propositions about a population, using data drawn from the population with some form of sampling.Given a hypothesis about a population, for which we wish to draw inferences, statistical inference consists of (first) selecting a statistical model of the process that generates the data and (second) deducing propositions from the model.
A theory of statistical inference was developed by Charles S. Peirce in "Illustrations of the Logic of Science" (1877–1878) and "A Theory of Probable Inference" (1883), two publications that emphasized the importance of randomization-based inference in statistics.
He wrote a book entitled Manuscript on Deciphering Cryptographic Messages, containing detailed discussions on statistics and cryptanalysis. [2] [3] [4] Al-Kindi also made the earliest known use of statistical inference. [1] 13th century – An important contribution of Ibn Adlan was on sample size for use of frequency analysis. [1]
Publications by Fisher, like "Statistical Methods for Research Workers" in 1925 and "The Design of Experiments" in 1935, [8] contributed to the popularity of significance testing, which is a probabilistic approach to deductive inference.
Bayesian inference is an important technique in statistics, and especially in mathematical statistics. Bayesian updating is particularly important in the dynamic analysis of a sequence of data . Bayesian inference has found application in a wide range of activities, including science , engineering , philosophy , medicine , sport , and law .
classical statistical inference methods were developed; the mathematical foundations of probability were solidified and current terminology was introduced (all in the 20th century). The primary historical sources in probability and statistics did not use the current terminology of classical, subjective (Bayesian), and frequentist probability.
JEHPS: Recent publications in the history of probability and statistics; Electronic Journ@l for History of Probability and Statistics/Journ@l Electronique d'Histoire des Probabilitéet de la Statistique; Figures from the History of Probability and Statistics (Univ. of Southampton) Probability and Statistics on the Earliest Uses Pages (Univ. of ...
Human inference (i.e. how humans draw conclusions) is traditionally studied within the fields of logic, argumentation studies, and cognitive psychology; artificial intelligence researchers develop automated inference systems to emulate human inference. Statistical inference uses mathematics to draw conclusions in the presence of uncertainty ...