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For a monopole antenna (a), the Earth acts as a ground plane to reflect radio waves directed downwards, making them seem to come from a virtual "image antenna" (b).In Telecommunications, a ground plane is a flat or nearly flat horizontal conducting surface that serves as part of an antenna, to reflect the radio waves from the other antenna elements.
A monopole antenna is a class of radio antenna consisting of a straight rod-shaped conductor, often mounted perpendicularly over some type of conductive surface, called a ground plane. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The driving signal from the transmitter is applied, or for receiving antennas the output signal to the receiver is taken, between the lower end ...
In electronics and radio communication, a counterpoise is a network of suspended horizontal wires or cables (or a metal screen), used as a substitute for an earth connection in a radio antenna system. It is used with radio transmitters or receivers when a normal earth ground cannot be used because of high soil resistance [1] or when an antenna ...
The vertical antenna is a monopole antenna, not balanced with respect to ground. The ground (or any large conductive surface) plays the role of the second conductor of a monopole. Since monopole antennas rely on a conductive surface, they may be mounted with a ground plane to approximate the effect of being mounted on the Earth's surface.
A whip antenna with several rods extending horizontally from base of the whip in a star-shaped pattern, similar to an upside-down radiate crown, that form the artificial, elevated ground plane that gives the antenna its name. The ground plane rods attach to the ground wire of the feedline, the other wire feeds the whip. Since the whip is ...
If the radio chassis is not a good deal larger than the antenna itself, the combination of whip and radio functions more as an asymmetrical dipole antenna than as a monopole antenna. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The gain will be somewhat lower than a dipole, or a quarter-wave whip with an adequate size ground plane.
The radiation pattern of the antenna is exactly the same as it would be if the ground plane were replaced by a mirror image of the antenna, located an equal distance behind the plane. This second apparent source of radio waves is the image antenna. The image antenna is used in calculating electric field vectors, magnetic field vectors, and ...
Common types of low-gain omnidirectional antennas are the whip antenna, "Rubber Ducky" antenna, ground plane antenna, vertically oriented dipole antenna, discone antenna, mast radiator, horizontal loop antenna (sometimes known colloquially as a 'circular aerial' because of the shape) and the halo antenna.
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