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The axonal initial segment (AIS) is a structurally and functionally separate microdomain of the axon. [ 6 ] [ 7 ] One function of the initial segment is to separate the main part of an axon from the rest of the neuron; another function is to help initiate action potentials. [ 8 ]
For many years, it was believed that the axon hillock was the usual site of initiation of action potentials—the trigger zone. It is now thought that the earliest site of action potential initiation is at the axonal initial segment: just between the peak of the axon hillock and the initial (unmyelinated) segment of the axon. [3]
Recent studies have shown that the most excitable part of a neuron is the part after the axon hillock (the point where the axon leaves the cell body), which is called the axonal initial segment, but the axon and cell body are also excitable in most cases. [5]
These local graded potentials, which are primarily associated with external stimuli, reach the axonal initial segment and build until they manage to reach the threshold value. [5] The larger the stimulus, the greater the depolarization, or attempt to reach threshold. The task of depolarization requires several key steps that rely on anatomical ...
In molecular biology, the ankyrin-G binding motif of KCNQ2-3 is a protein motif found in the potassium channels KCNQ2 and KCNQ3.. Interactions with ankyrin-G are crucial to the localisation of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) at the axonal initial segment and for neurons to initiate action potentials.
Schwann cells make activity move faster down the axon. Synapses allow neurons to activate other neurons. The dendrites receive a signal, the axon hillock funnels the signal to the initial segment and the initial segment triggers the activity (action potential) that is sent along the axon towards the synapse.
Initial six players. F Jack Eichel, Vegas Golden Knights. F Auston Matthews, Toronto Maple Leafs. F Matthew Tkachuk, Florida Panthers. D Adam Fox, New York Rangers. D Quinn Hughes, Vancouver Canucks.
The protein encoded by this gene, ankyrin-3 is an immunologically distinct gene product from ankyrins ANK1 and ANK2, and was originally found at the axonal initial segment and nodes of Ranvier of neurons in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Alternatively spliced variants may be expressed in other tissues.