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The decibel originates from methods used to quantify signal loss in telegraph and telephone circuits. Until the mid-1920s, the unit for loss was miles of standard cable (MSC). 1 MSC corresponded to the loss of power over one mile (approximately 1.6 km) of standard telephone cable at a frequency of 5000 radians per second (795.8 Hz), and matched closely the smallest attenuation detectable to a ...
1 dB = 1 / 20 ln 10 is the decibel. The commonly used reference sound power in air is [11] = . The proper notations for sound power level using this reference are L W/(1 pW) or L W (re 1 pW), but the suffix notations dB SWL, dB(SWL), dBSWL, or dB SWL are very common, even if they are not accepted by the SI. [12]
1 Np = 1 is the neper; 1 B = 1 / 2 ln(10) is the bel; 1 dB = 1 / 20 ln(10) is the decibel. The commonly used reference sound intensity in air is [5] = /. being approximately the lowest sound intensity hearable by an undamaged human ear under room conditions.
A ratio higher than 1:1 (greater than 0 dB) indicates more signal than noise. SNR is an important parameter that affects the performance and quality of systems that process or transmit signals, such as communication systems , audio systems , radar systems , imaging systems , and data acquisition systems.
A frequency ratio expressed in octaves is the base-2 logarithm (binary logarithm) of the ratio: = An amplifier or filter may be stated to have a frequency response of ±6 dB per octave over a particular frequency range, which signifies that the power gain changes by ±6 decibels (a factor of 4 in power), when the frequency changes by a factor of 2.
Dynamic range in analog audio is the difference between low-level thermal noise in the electronic circuitry and high-level signal saturation resulting in increased distortion and, if pushed higher, clipping. [23] Multiple noise processes determine the noise floor of a system.
A change of one bel in the level corresponds to a 10× change in power, so when comparing power quantities x and y, the difference is defined to be 10×log 10 (y/x) decibel. With root-power quantities, however the difference is defined as 20×log 10 (y/x) dB. [3]
The noise figure is the difference in decibel (dB) between the noise output of the actual receiver to the noise output of an "ideal" receiver with the same overall gain and bandwidth when the receivers are connected to matched sources at the standard noise temperature T 0 (usually 290 K).