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Modeled on the Civil Rights Act of 1964, the California Civil Rights Initiative was authored by two California academics, Glynn Custred and Tom Wood. It was the first electoral test of affirmative action policies in North America. It passed with 55% in favor to 45% opposed, thereby banning affirmative action in the state's public sector.
Therefore, Proposition 209 banned the use of race- and gender-based affirmative action in California's public sector and public university admissions. [ 2 ] [ 4 ] [ 5 ] The legislatively referred state constitutional amendment was originally introduced as California Assembly Constitutional Amendment No. 5 (ACA 5) by Democratic Assembly Members ...
Nine states in the United States have banned race-based affirmative action: California (1996), Washington (1998, rescinded 2022 [20]), Florida (1999), Michigan (2006), Nebraska (2008), Arizona (2010), New Hampshire (2012), Oklahoma (2012), and Idaho (2020). Florida's ban was via an executive order and New Hampshire and Idaho's bans were passed ...
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“Systemic racism is not an abstract idea. For the far right, it is intentional, it is deliberate, it is strategic,” writes Rep. Barbara Lee. | Opinon
A group of students are linking up to ban the use of affirmative action in higher education. Students For Fair Admissions is made up of thousands of students who argue that race should not be a ...
Allows government institutions to consider race, sex, or ethnicity in areas of public employment, public contracting, and public education, effectively allowing affirmative action in the public sector. [4] 17: Passed Allows people who are on parole to vote and run for public office. [5] 18: Failed
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