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A newline (frequently called line ending, end of line (EOL), next line (NEL) or line break) is a control character or sequence of control characters in character encoding specifications such as ASCII, EBCDIC, Unicode, etc. This character, or a sequence of characters, is used to signify the end of a line of text and the start of a new one. [1]
In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a numeric character reference and a character entity reference.
The MediaWiki software uses any of them for a single forced line break. All of them are converted to <br /> in the HTML that browsers read. MediaWiki also converts </br> to <br />, but this form is invalid. Please correct these tags. For content that is semantically a list, such as in infoboxes, actual list markup is preferred. See § Lists below.
4 Line feed is used for "end of line" in text files on Unix / Linux systems. 5 Carriage Return (accompanied by line feed, and thus usually written as 'CRLF') is used as "end of line" character by Windows, MsDOS, and most minicomputers other than Unix- / Linux-based systems. Classic Mac OS used CR only. 6 Control-O has been the "discard output ...
In an attempt to simplify the several newline characters used in legacy text [citation needed], Unicode introduces its own newline characters to separate either lines or paragraphs: U+2028 LINE SEPARATOR (abbreviated LS or LSEP) and U+2029 PARAGRAPH SEPARATOR (abbreviated PS or PSEP).
The end of the header section is indicated by an empty field line, resulting in the transmission of two consecutive CR-LF pairs. In the past, long lines could be folded into multiple lines; continuation lines are indicated by the presence of a space (SP) or horizontal tab (HT) as the first character on the next line.
The C language defines whitespace characters to be "space, horizontal tab, new-line, vertical tab, and form-feed". [29] The HTTP network protocol requires different types of whitespace to be used in different parts of the protocol, such as: only the space character in the status line, CRLF at the end of a line, and "linear whitespace" in header ...
Web pages authored using HyperText Markup Language may contain multilingual text represented with the Unicode universal character set.Key to the relationship between Unicode and HTML is the relationship between the "document character set", which defines the set of characters that may be present in an HTML document and assigns numbers to them, and the "external character encoding", or "charset ...