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Flyting is a ritual, poetic exchange of insults practiced mainly between the 5th and 16th centuries. Examples of flyting are found throughout Scots, Ancient, Medieval [8] [9] and Modern Celtic, Old English, Middle English and Norse literature involving both historical and mythological figures.
Poetry took numerous forms in medieval Europe, for example, lyric and epic poetry. The troubadours, trouvères, and the minnesänger are known for composing their lyric poetry about courtly love usually accompanied by an instrument. [1] Among the most famous of secular poetry is Carmina Burana, a manuscript
Medieval debate poetry was a genre of poems popular in England and France during the late medieval period. The same type of debate poems broadly existed in the ancient and medieval Near Eastern literatures. Essentially, a debate poem depicts a dialogue between two natural opposites (e.g. sun vs. moon, winter vs. summer). [1]
The debate still continues about whether Ship of Fools is itself a humanist work or just a remnant of medieval sensibilities. [6] The book was translated into Latin by Jakob Locher in 1497, [7] [1] into French by Pierre Rivière in 1497 and by Jean Drouyn [d] in 1498, into English by Alexander Barclay and by Henry Watson [d] in 1509.
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The vernacular poetry of the romans courtois, or courtly romances, included many examples of courtly love. Some of them are set within the cycle of poems celebrating King Arthur's court. This was a literature of leisure, directed to a largely female audience for the first time in European history. [5]
The derivation of the word is uncertain. It may come from the Latin gula, gluttony. [2] It may also originate from a mythical "Bishop Golias", [3] a medieval Latin form of the name Goliath, the giant who fought King David in the Bible—thus suggestive of the monstrous nature of the goliard or, notes historian Christopher de Hamel, as "those people beyond the edge of society". [4]
The Owl and the Nightingale (Latin: Altercatio inter filomenam et bubonem) is a twelfth- or thirteenth-century Middle English poem detailing a debate between an owl and a nightingale as overheard by the poem's narrator. It is the earliest example in Middle English of a literary form known as debate poetry (or verse contest). [1]