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Vitamin B 12 is absorbed by a B 12-specific transport proteins or via passive diffusion. [12] Transport-mediated absorption and tissue delivery is a complex process involving three transport proteins: haptocorrin (HC), intrinsic factor (IF) and transcobalamin II (TC2), and respective membrane receptor proteins. HC is present in saliva.
TC-2 binds cobalamin once it has been taken up by enterocytes of the terminal ileum and the "Intrinsic Factor-Vitamin B12" complex has been degraded. TC-2 is then involved with the transport of Vitamin B12 to the tissues, where it binds to its plasma membrane receptor (TC-2R), a heavily glycosylated protein with a monomeric molecular mass of 62 ...
As expected, a defect at any point of the aforementioned list, can cause malabsorption of vitamin B12, and subsequent macrocytic anemia. The most common cause of Vitamin B12 deficiency is deficiency of the intrinsic factor (IF) usually due to atrophic gastritis , which reduces the number of parietal cells secreting intrinsic factor.
Because vitamin B 12 absorption is a multistep process that involves the stomach, pancreas and small intestine, and is mediated by two carriers: Haptocorrin and intrinsic factor, and because Haptocorrin (transcobalamin I) binds to vitamin B 12, and Vitamin B 12 is acid-sensitive, when vitamin B 12 binds to Haptocorrin it can safely pass through ...
“Vitamin B12 requirements are low because we can store up to 2,500 micrograms in the liver,” says Ryan D. Andrews, R.D., C.S.C.S., principal nutritionist at Precision Nutrition. So target just ...
The same cells in the stomach that produce gastric hydrochloric acid, the parietal cells, also produce a molecule called the intrinsic factor (IF), which binds the B 12 after its release from haptocorrin by digestion, and without which only 1% of vitamin B 12 is absorbed. Intrinsic factor (IF) is a glycoprotein, with a molecular weight of 45 kDa.
Feeling low-energy? You could be among the estimated 3.6% of Americans who are deficient and 12.5% who get insufficient amounts of vitamin B12. Everyone requires a certain amount of B12 depending ...
Because they are soluble in water, excess B vitamins are generally readily excreted, although individual absorption, use and metabolism may vary. [7] The elderly and athletes may need to supplement their intake of B 12 and other B vitamins due to problems in absorption and increased needs for energy production.
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