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Carl Wilhelm Scheele (German:, Swedish: [ˈɧêːlɛ]; 9 December 1742 – 21 May 1786 [2]) was a German Swedish [3] pharmaceutical chemist.. Scheele discovered oxygen (although Joseph Priestley published his findings first), and identified molybdenum, tungsten, barium, nitrogen, and chlorine, among others.
It was later discovered that some acids, notably hydrochloric acid, did not contain oxygen and so acids were divided into oxo-acids and these new hydroacids. All oxyacids have the acidic hydrogen bound to an oxygen atom, so bond strength (length) is not a factor, as it is with binary nonmetal hydrides.
Hydrochloric acid is a strong inorganic acid that is used in many industrial processes such as refining metal. The application often determines the required product quality. [25] Hydrogen chloride, not hydrochloric acid, is used more widely in industrial organic chemistry, e.g. for vinyl chloride and dichloroethane. [8]
Joseph Priestley FRS (/ ˈ p r iː s t l i /; [3] 24 March 1733 – 6 February 1804) was an English chemist, Unitarian, natural philosopher, separatist theologian, grammarian, multi-subject educator and classical liberal political theorist. [4]
Chlorine was discovered in 1774 by Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele, who called it "dephlogisticated marine acid" (see phlogiston theory) and mistakenly thought it contained oxygen. Scheele observed several properties of chlorine gas, such as its bleaching effect on litmus, its deadly effect on insects, its yellow-green colour, and the ...
It is possible that in one of his experiments, al-Razi stumbled upon a primitive method to produce hydrochloric acid. [20] However, it appears that in most of these early experiments with chloride salts , the gaseous products were discarded, and hydrogen chloride may have been produced many times before it was discovered that it can be put to ...
An image from John Dalton's A New System of Chemical Philosophy, the first modern explanation of atomic theory.. This timeline of chemistry lists important works, discoveries, ideas, inventions, and experiments that significantly changed humanity's understanding of the modern science known as chemistry, defined as the scientific study of the composition of matter and of its interactions.
Liberation of hydrogen gas when zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid. + () + [2] [3] However less reactive metals can not displace the hydrogen from acids. [3] (They may react with oxidizing acids though.) + No reaction