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In the arterial system, bubbles (arterial gas embolism) are far more dangerous because they block circulation and cause infarction (tissue death, due to local loss of blood flow). In the brain, infarction results in stroke , and in the spinal cord it may result in paralysis .
Critical closing pressure is the internal pressure at which a blood vessel collapses and closes completely. [1] When blood pressure falls below critical closing pressure, the vessel is unable to overcome external pressure (either from environment or vascular smooth muscle) and flow stops.
High blood pressure. High cholesterol. Diabetes. Overweight or obesity. Not exercising regularly. Smoking or using tobacco. Consuming large amounts of alcohol. A history of preeclampsia (high ...
Infarction occurs as a result of prolonged ischemia, which is the insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrition to an area of tissue due to a disruption in blood supply. [5] The blood vessel supplying the affected area of tissue may be blocked due to an obstruction in the vessel (e.g., an arterial embolus, thrombus, or atherosclerotic plaque ...
The smaller vessel diameter allows less blood to flow and facilitates progression to a myocardial infarction. Leading risk factors for coronary thrombosis are high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, smoking, sedentary lifestyle, and hypertension. [2] Symptoms of coronary thrombosis are not always evident at the start. Symptoms include chest ...
CAD can be contracted over time. Risk factors include a family history of CAD, smoking, high blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, inactive lifestyle, mental stress and high cholesterol. [26] [27] Angina can also occur due to spasm of the coronary arteries, even in individuals without atherosclerosis. [28]
The disease can cause the heart tissue to be deprived of blood and die due to decreased blood flow, and blockages due to blood clots or spasms of the blood vessel. [2] This blood flow disruption can cause permanent damage to the muscle if the deprivation is prolonged. Coronary artery ectasia also increases the chance of developing large weak ...
Buerger's disease – inflammation and swelling in small blood vessels, causing the vessels to narrow or become blocked by blood clots. [18] Raynaud syndrome – a peripheral vascular disorder that causes constriction of the peripheral blood vessels in the fingers and toes when a person is cold or experiencing stress. [19]