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A standard 8 + 1 ⁄ 2 by 11 inches (220 mm × 280 mm) sheet of paper has three holes with spacing of 4 + 1 ⁄ 4 inches (110 mm). There is a variant for half-letter size pages (8 + 1 ⁄ 2 by 5 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches or 220 mm × 140 mm), whose three rings are 2 + 3 ⁄ 4 inches (70 mm) apart. "Ledger" size binders hold 11-by-17-inch (28 by 43 cm ...
In bulk applications, a paper drilling machine may be used. Then the user chooses a spine size that will match the document. Standard sizes are 4.8 mm (3 ⁄ 16 in) (for 16 sheets of 20# paper) up to 51 mm (2 in) (for 425 sheets). Spine lengths are generally 280 mm (11 in) to match the length of letter-size paper.
This type of binding uses either a 3:1 pitch hole pattern with three holes per inch or a 2:1 pitch hole pattern with two holes per inch. The three to one hole pattern is used for smaller books that are up to 9/16" in diameter while the 2:1 pattern is normally used for thicker books as the holes are slightly bigger to accommodate slightly ...
In North America, 3-hole binders for letter-size papers typically have a width of 1/2 inch, 1 inch, 1.5 inches, 2 inches, 3 inches or 4 inches; in ISO system, binders typically have a width of less than 3 cm. “Discbound” loose leaf systems, which uses separate “discs” to hold covers and pages. Staples and Office Depot sell discbound ...
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For US legal paper size (8 + 1 ⁄ 2 by 14 inches, 220 by 360 mm), a 4-hole system exists. It is still in use today, but is not as common as the 3-hole standard. The four holes are positioned symmetrically with centers 3 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (89 mm) apart. The four binding positions provide more support for the longer 14-inch side of legal paper.
But if the paper of the volume is too fragile, or the book block is too thick, the spine is left flat. The book block is placed in a sturdy cover or case, with special paper covering the inside covers. [1] The most common cloth used by library binders to cover the boards of the book is buckram coated with acrylic. Acrylic coatings are generally ...
A binder or binding agent is any material or substance that holds or draws other materials together to form a cohesive whole mechanically, chemically, by adhesion or cohesion. More narrowly, binders are liquid or dough-like substances that harden by a chemical or physical process and bind fibres, filler powder and other particles added into it.