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The Transformer architecture, being modular, allows variations. Several common variations are described here. [61] An "encoder-only" Transformer applies the encoder to map an input text into a sequence of vectors that represent the input text. This is usually used for text embedding and representation learning for downstream applications.
A neural Turing machine (NTM) is a recurrent neural network model of a Turing machine.The approach was published by Alex Graves et al. in 2014. [1] NTMs combine the fuzzy pattern matching capabilities of neural networks with the algorithmic power of programmable computers.
The Transformers library is a Python package that contains open-source implementations of transformer models for text, image, and audio tasks. It is compatible with the PyTorch, TensorFlow and JAX deep learning libraries and includes implementations of notable models like BERT and GPT-2. [16]
DNC indirectly takes inspiration from Von-Neumann architecture, making it likely to outperform conventional architectures in tasks that are fundamentally algorithmic that cannot be learned by finding a decision boundary.
A transformer layer, in natural language processing, can be considered a GNN applied to complete graphs whose nodes are words or tokens in a passage of natural language text. Relevant application domains for GNNs include natural language processing , [ 15 ] social networks , [ 16 ] citation networks , [ 17 ] molecular biology , [ 18 ] chemistry ...
The XLNet was an autoregressive Transformer designed as an improvement over BERT, with 340M parameters and trained on 33 billion words.It was released on 19 June, 2019, under the Apache 2.0 license. [1]
Torch is used by the Facebook AI Research Group, [8] IBM, [9] Yandex [10] and the Idiap Research Institute. [11] Torch has been extended for use on Android [12] [better source needed] and iOS. [13] [better source needed] It has been used to build hardware implementations for data flows like those found in neural networks. [14]
OpenNN, a comprehensive C++ library implementing neural networks. [83] PyTorch, an open-source Tensor and Dynamic neural network in Python. [84] TensorFlow, an open-source software library for machine learning. [85] Theano, a Python library and optimizing compiler for manipulating and evaluating mathematical expressions, especially matrix ...