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A test tube holder is used to hold test tubes. [1] It is used for holding a test tube in place [2] when the tube is hot or should not be touched. [3] For example, a test tube holder can be used to hold a test tube while it is being heated. [4]
The OECD Principles of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) cover the testing of chemicals or chemical products in non-clinical settings, either in laboratory conditions or environmental settings, such as greenhouses and field experiments. These principles exclude studies involving human subjects.
In chemistry, IUPAC changed its definition of standard temperature and pressure in 1982: [1] [2] Until 1982, STP was defined as a temperature of 273.15 K (0 °C, 32 °F) and an absolute pressure of exactly 1 atm (101.325 kPa).
The late 20th century also saw an expansion of the application of analytical chemistry from somewhat academic chemical questions to forensic, environmental, industrial and medical questions, such as in histology. [7] Modern analytical chemistry is dominated by instrumental analysis. Many analytical chemists focus on a single type of instrument.
General chemistry (sometimes referred to as "gen chem") is offered by colleges and universities as an introductory level chemistry course usually taken by students during their first year. [1] The course is usually run with a concurrent lab section that gives students an opportunity to experience a laboratory environment and carry out ...
The history of acid-base titration dates back to the late 19th century when advancements in analytical chemistry fostered the development of systematic techniques for quantitative analysis. [5] The origins of titration methods can be linked to the work of chemists such as Karl Friedrich Mohr in the mid-1800s. [ 5 ]
The chemical model consists of a set of chemical species present in solution, both the reactants added to the reaction mixture and the complex species formed from them. Denoting the reactants by A, B..., each complex species is specified by the stoichiometric coefficients that relate the particular combination of reactants forming them
The Van 't Hoff equation relates the change in the equilibrium constant, K eq, of a chemical reaction to the change in temperature, T, given the standard enthalpy change, Δ r H ⊖, for the process. The subscript r {\displaystyle r} means "reaction" and the superscript ⊖ {\displaystyle \ominus } means "standard".