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This theory was originally proposed in order to explain discriminated avoidance learning, in which an organism learns to avoid an aversive stimulus by escaping from a signal for that stimulus. Two processes are involved: classical conditioning of the signal followed by operant conditioning of the escape response: a) Classical conditioning of fear.
Traditional models focus on how organisms learn to avoid an ongoing negative stimulus. In contrast, Sidman Avoidance examines the learning process whereby an organism preemptively engages in behavior to avoid the negative stimulus altogether. [6] This unique aspect of the theory emphasizes the proactive nature of learning in avoidance behaviors.
All dual-process theories are essentially the same. There is a tendency to assume all theories that propose two modes or styles of thinking are related and so they end up all lumped under the umbrella term of "dual-process theories". There are just two systems underlying System 1 and System 2 processing.
Excessive avoidance has been suggested to contribute to anxiety disorders, leading psychologists and neuroscientists to study how avoidance behaviors are learned using rat or mouse models. [1] Avoidance learning is a type of operant conditioning (also known as instrumental conditioning).
The theory is well-supported by subsequent research and has general acceptance among professionals. [1] Gray hypothesized the existence of two brain-based systems for controlling a person's interactions with their environment: the behavioural inhibition system (BIS) and the behavioural activation system (BAS).
Ironic control theory, also known as "ironic process theory", states that thought suppression "leads to an increased occurrence of the suppressed content in waking states". [36] The irony lies in the fact that although people try not to think about a particular subject, there is a high probability that it will appear in one's dreams regardless.
An avoidance response is a response that prevents an aversive stimulus from occurring. It is a kind of negative reinforcement . An avoidance response is a behavior based on the concept that animals will avoid performing behaviors that result in an aversive outcome.
Dual process theory within moral psychology is an influential theory of human moral judgement that posits that human beings possess two distinct cognitive subsystems that compete in moral reasoning processes: one fast, intuitive and emotionally-driven, the other slow, requiring conscious deliberation and a higher cognitive load.