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There are five types of hereditary hemochromatosis: type 1, 2 (2A, 2B), 3, 4 [9] and 5, [10] all caused by mutated genes. Hereditary hemochromatosis type 1 is the most frequent, and uniquely related to the HFE gene. It is most common among those of Northern European ancestry, in particular those of Celtic descent. [11]
Haemochromatosis type 3 is a type of iron overload disorder associated with deficiencies in transferrin receptor 2. It exhibits an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern. [2] [3] [4] The first confirmed case was diagnosed in 1865 by French doctor Trousseau. Later in 1889, the German doctor von Recklinghausen indicated that the liver contains ...
Iron overload (also known as haemochromatosis or hemochromatosis) is the abnormal and increased accumulation of total iron in the body, leading to organ damage. [1] The primary mechanism of organ damage is oxidative stress, as elevated intracellular iron levels increase free radical formation via the Fenton reaction.
The presence of hemochromatosis may be discovered incidentally on blood testing, or a diagnosis suspected based on symptoms may be supported or ruled out by blood testing. Elevated serum ferritin, an indicator of blood iron levels, and transferrin saturation, which is involved with absorption of iron from the gut, are very common. [2] [3]
[1] [2] [3] Homozygous H63D variant can occasionally be the cause of hemochromatosis . It is also associated with the occurrence of other conditions like hypotransferrinemia , [ 4 ] [ 5 ] liver dysfunction, [ 6 ] [ 7 ] bone and joint issues, diabetes mellitus , heart disease, hormone imbalances, porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT), infertility ...
Hfe is the mouse equivalent of the human hemochromatosis gene HFE. The protein encoded by HFE is Hfe. Mice homozygous (two abnormal gene copies) for a targeted knockout of all six transcribed Hfe exons are designated Hfe −/−. [ 29 ]
[3] Bantu siderosis, is the genetic side of the disorder. Some African people carry a unique ferroportin mutation that predisposes them to iron overload, making it a kind of ferroportin disease. [4] [5] African-Americans, who have no exposure to iron-rich beer, can also exhibit this issue. [2] [6]
Ferroportin-1, also known as solute carrier family 40 member 1 (SLC40A1) or iron-regulated transporter 1 (IREG1), is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SLC40A1 gene. [5] Ferroportin is a transmembrane protein that transports iron from the inside of a cell to the outside of the cell.