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Swami Lakshman Joo (9 May 1907 – 27 September 1991), born Lakshman Raina and also called Lal Sahib by his followers, [1] was a mystic and scholar of Kashmir Shaivism.
Tantrāloka was written in the 10th century and gained greater worldwide prominence towards the end of the 19th century with the publishing and distribution of the Kashmiri Series of Texts and Studies and prominence of Swami Lakshmanjoo, who taught the text and its oral tradition to scholars and seekers alike.
In the 20th century Swami Lakshman Joo, a Kashmiri Hindu, helped revive both the scholarly and yogic streams of Kashmir Shaivism. [23] His contribution is enormous. He inspired a generation of scholars who made Kashmir Shaivism a legitimate field of inquiry within the academy. [24] [25]
The result has been various poetic or free form renderings which fail to properly communicate the actual practices which are briefly outlined in the text. Two exceptions to this are Jaideva Singh's translation and Mark Dyczkowski's translation. [web 1] The various VBT translations include the following: Satyasangananda Saraswati, Swami (2003).
He learned the nuances of Kashmir Shaivism from Professor Balajinnath Pandit and Swami Lakshman Joo. [1] Gurtu initially worked as a Sanskrit teacher in the Government Sanskrit School in Tral, Kashmir, and simultaneously he also earned a degree of M.A. in Sanskrit. He then earned an M.A. degree in Hindi as well.
Potuluri Virabrahmendra Swami (c. 17th century) Prabhat Ranjan Sarkar, also known as Shrii Shrii Anandamurti (21 May 1921 – 21 October 1990) Pramukh Swami Maharaj [32] [33] (born 7 December 1921 – 13 August 2016) Pranavananda, also known as Yugacharya Srimat Swami Pranavananda Ji Maharaj (29 January 1896 – 8 February 1941)
Mark S. G. Dyczkowski (29 August 1951 – 2 February 2025) was an English Indologist, musician, and scholar of Tantra and Kashmir Shaivism. [1] He has published multiple translations and commentaries, most notably the 12-volume Manthanabhairava Tantra [2] and an 11-volume Tantrāloka including the commentary by Jayaratha.
The last recognized master of the oral tradition of Kashmir Shaivism, Swami Lakshman Joo, gave a condensed version of the key philosophical chapters of Tantrāloka in his book, Kashmir Shaivism – The Secret Supreme.