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Steinmetz's equation, sometimes called the power equation, [1] is an empirical equation used to calculate the total power loss (core losses) per unit volume in magnetic materials when subjected to external sinusoidally varying magnetic flux.
For low-frequency applications, the power loss can be minimized by employing conductors with a large cross-sectional area, made from low-resistivity metals.With high-frequency currents, the proximity effect and skin effect cause the current to be unevenly distributed across the conductor, increasing its effective resistance, and making loss calculations more difficult.
This transformer hum is especially objectionable in transformers supplied at power frequencies and in high-frequency flyback transformers associated with television CRTs. Stray losses Leakage inductance is by itself largely lossless, since energy supplied to its magnetic fields is returned to the supply with the next half-cycle.
In an electrical or electronic circuit or power system part of the energy in play is dissipated by unwanted effects, including energy lost by unwanted heating of resistive components (electricity is also used for the intention of heating, which is not a loss), the effect of parasitic elements (resistance, capacitance, and inductance), skin effect, losses in the windings and cores of ...
Eddy currents can also have undesirable effects, for instance power loss in transformers. In this application, they are minimized with thin plates, by lamination of conductors or other details of conductor shape. Self-induced eddy currents are responsible for the skin effect in conductors. [1]
Firstly, the power loss in the core due to hysteresis loss is high, which decreases the power conversion efficiency. Power loss in magnetic materials is proportional to the peak flux-density raised to a power of between 2 and 3, and frequency raised to a power of between 1 and 2, refer to Steinmetz's equation .
Since the secondary of the transformer is open, the primary draws only no-load current, which will have some copper loss. This no-load current is very small and because the copper loss in the primary is proportional to the square of this current, it is negligible. There is no copper loss in the secondary because there is no secondary current. [1]
Leakage inductance has the useful effect of limiting the current flows in a transformer (and load) without itself dissipating power (excepting the usual non-ideal transformer losses). Transformers are generally designed to have a specific value of leakage inductance such that the leakage reactance created by this inductance is a specific value ...
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