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The Umayyad Caliphate or Umayyad Empire (UK: / uː ˈ m aɪ j æ d /, [2] US: / uː ˈ m aɪ æ d /; [3] Arabic: ٱلْخِلَافَة ٱلْأُمَوِيَّة, romanized: al-Khilāfa al-Umawiyya) [4] was the second caliphate established after the death of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty.
One of these governors, Mu'awiya I of Syria, opposed Caliph Ali in the First Muslim Civil War (656–661) and afterward founded the Umayyad Caliphate with its capital in Damascus. This marked the beginning of the Umayyad dynasty, the first hereditary dynasty in the history of Islam , and the only one to rule over the entire Islamic world of its ...
The Emirate of Córdoba, from 929, the Caliphate of Córdoba, was an Arab Islamic state ruled by the Umayyad dynasty from 756 to 1031. Its territory comprised most of the Iberian Peninsula (known to Muslims as al-Andalus), the Balearic Islands, and parts of North Africa, with its capital in Córdoba (at the time Qurṭubah).
During the caliphate of the sixth Umayyad caliph al-Walid I (r. 705–715 ), military commander Tariq ibn Ziyad departed from North Africa in early 711 to cross the Straits of Gibraltar , with a force of about 1,700 men, to launch a military expedition against the Visigoth -controlled Kingdom of Toledo , which encompassed the former territory ...
Mu'awiya I (Arabic: معاوية بن أبي سفيان, romanized: Muʿāwiya ibn Abī Sufyān Arabic pronunciation: [muʕaːwija ibn abiː sufjaːn]; c. 597, 603 or 605 –April 680) was the founder and first caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate, ruling from 661 until his death.
This category includes historical battles in which the Umayyad Caliphate of Damascus (661–750) participated.Please see the category guidelines for more information. For the Umayyads of Spain, please use Category:Battles involving the Emirate of Córdoba and Category:Battles involving the Caliphate of Córdoba
1021 – Abd-ar-Rahman IV becomes Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba. Yahya, the son of Ali ibn Hammud al-Nasir, rebels in Málaga with the support of the Berbers. 1022 – Abd-ar-Rahman V becomes Umayyad Caliph of Córdoba with the support of Berber troops. The Taifa (independent Moorish kingdom) of Lisbon emerges. It will be annexed by the Taifa of ...
The Caliph's principal military focus was the perennial war with Byzantium, [51] which was not only the largest, richest, and strongest of the Caliphate's enemies, but also directly adjacent to Syria, the center of Umayyad power. [77]