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Toga candida: "Bright toga"; a toga rubbed with chalk to a dazzling white, worn by candidates (from Latin candida, "pure white") for public office. [11] Thus Persius speaks of a cretata ambitio, "chalked ambition". Toga candida is the etymological source of the word candidate. Toga pulla: a "dark toga" was supposed to be worn by mourners at ...
In literature and poetry, Romans were the gens togata ("togate race"), descended from a tough, virile, intrinsically noble peasantry of hard-working, toga-wearing men and women. The toga's origins are uncertain; it may have begun as a simple, practical work-garment and blanket for peasants and herdsmen.
It has long been believed that Roman women originally did not wear stolae and that they instead wore togas like the men. However, this goes back to a scholarly lore invented in Late Antiquity. [9] [10] For the most part, the toga was worn exclusively by men, and Roman wives (matronae) traditionally wore the stola.
Women wore an outer garment known as a stola, which was a long pleated dress similar to the Greek chitons. Although togas are now thought of as the only clothing worn in ancient Italy, in fact, many other styles of clothing were worn and also are familiar in images seen in artwork from the period.
Originally the toga was worn by all Romans; free citizens were required to wear togas because only slaves and children wore tunics.By the 2nd century BC, however, it was worn over a tunic, and the tunic became the basic item of dress. Women wore an outer garment known as a stola, which was a long pleated dress similar to the Greek chitons.
During the Old, Middle and New Kingdom, ancient Egyptian women mostly wore a simple sheath dress called a kalasiris, [7] which is shown to cover the breasts in statues, but in paintings and relief the single breast depicted in profile is exposed. [8] Women's clothing in ancient Egypt was more conservative than men's clothing.
Women often wore a strophic, the bra of the time, under their garments and around the mid-portion of their body. [4] The strophic was a wide band of wool or linen wrapped across the breasts and tied between the shoulder blades. [3] Men and women sometimes wore triangular loincloths, called perizoma, as underwear. [3]
The mummy of a woman named Hermione also included the term γραμματική (grammatike). For a long time, it was assumed that this indicated that she was a teacher by profession; for this reason, Flinders Petrie donated the portrait to Girton College, Cambridge, the first residential college for women in Britain. However, today, it is ...