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This page lists the standard US nomenclature used in the description of mechanical gear construction and function, together with definitions of the terms. The terminology was established by the American Gear Manufacturers Association (AGMA), under accreditation from the American National Standards Institute (ANSI).
For bicycles with 700c wheels, some cyclists quote gear inches based on a nominal wheel diameter of 27 inches, corresponding to the old British tire size of 27 x 1 + 1 ⁄ 4" (ETRTO 630). Strictly speaking, the rolling diameter of a 700c wheel may be significantly higher or lower than 27", depending on the tire size, e.g. nearly 27.5" for a ...
A 700c "standard" wheel has a 622 mm rim diameter. The final wheel diameter depends on the specific tire but will be approximately 622 mm plus twice the tire width. Front/rear measurement only considers the sizes of a chainring and a rear sprocket. Gear inches and metres of development also take the size of the rear wheel into account.
The size denotes the width of the faceplate for the installed equipment. The rack unit is a measure of vertical spacing and is common to both the 19 and 23-inch racks. Hole spacing is either on 1-inch (25 mm) centers (Western Electric standard), or the same as for 19-inch (482.6 mm) racks (0.625 in or 15.9 mm spacing).
Certain standard pitches such as 1 ⁄ 10 and 1 ⁄ 20 in inch measurements, which mesh with linear rack, are actually (linear) circular pitch values with units of "inches" [55] When gear dimensions are in the metric system the pitch specification is generally in terms of module or modulus, which is effectively a length measurement across the ...
The chain in use on modern bicycles has a 1 ⁄ 2 inch (12.7 mm) pitch, which is the distance from one pin center to another, ANSI standard #40, where the 4 in "#40" indicates the pitch of the chain in eighths of an inch; and ISO standard 606 (metric) #8, where the 8 indicates the pitch in sixteenths of an inch.
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The nominal width of a rim is the inner width between the straight sides or beads as one can easily measure it with a caliper (see the standard for drawings and exact measurement procedures). The standard widths of straight-side rims are: 18, 20, 22, 24, 27, 30.5. The standard widths of crochet-type rims are: 13C, 15C, 16C, 17C, 19C, 21C, 23C, 25C