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The lateral rotator group is a group of six small muscles of the hip which all externally (laterally) rotate the femur in the hip joint. It consists of the following muscles: piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, gemellus inferior, quadratus femoris and the obturator externus. [1]
External rotation (or extorsion or lateral rotation) is an anatomical term of motion referring to rotation away from the center of the body. The external rotator muscles include: Muscles
Both muscles also help to laterally rotate the extended thigh and abduct the flexed thigh at the hip by assisting the internal obturator. [1] The gemelli muscles act to compensate the reduced power of the internal obturator as it turns around the lesser sciatic notch .
External rotation and extension of the hip joint, supports the extended knee through the iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting and abduction of the hip: Antagonist: Iliacus, psoas major and psoas minor: Identifiers; Latin: musculus glutaeus maximus: TA98: A04.7.02.006: TA2: 2598: FMA: 22314: Anatomical terms of muscle
In vertebrate anatomy, the hip, or coxa [1] (pl.: coxae) in medical terminology, refers to either an anatomical region or a joint on the outer (lateral) side of the pelvis.. The hip region is located lateral and anterior to the gluteal region, inferior to the iliac crest, and lateral to the obturator foramen, with muscle tendons and soft tissues overlying the greater trochanter of the femur. [2]
The posterior fibres of gluteus medius contract to produce hip extension, lateral rotation and abduction. During gait, the posterior fibres help to decelerate internal rotation of the femur at the end of swing phase. Together with the gluteus minimus and other short pelvi-trochanteric muscles it centers and stabilises the hip.
The Drehmann sign describes a clinical test of examining orthopedic patients and is widely used in the functional check of the hip joint. It was first described by Gustav Drehmann (Breslau, 1869–1932). [1] The Drehmann sign is positive if an unavoidable passive external rotation of the hip occurs when performing a hip flexion.
The pectineus muscle is the most anterior adductor of the hip. The muscle's primary action is hip flexion; it also produces adduction and external rotation of the hip. It can be classified in the medial compartment of thigh [2] (when the function is emphasized) or the anterior compartment of thigh (when the nerve is emphasized). [3]