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Nomenclature (UK: / n oʊ ˈ m ɛ ŋ k l ə tʃ ə, n ə-/, US: / ˈ n oʊ m ə n k l eɪ tʃ ər /) [1] [2] is a system of names or terms, or the rules for forming these terms in a particular field of arts or sciences. [3] (The theoretical field studying nomenclature is sometimes referred to as onymology or taxonymy [4]).
In taxonomy, binomial nomenclature ("two-term naming system"), also called binary nomenclature, is a formal system of naming species of living things by giving each a name composed of two parts, both of which use Latin grammatical forms, although they can be based on words from other languages.
Chemical nomenclature however (with IUPAC nomenclature as the best example) is necessarily more restrictive: Its purpose is to standardize communication and practice so that, when a chemical term is used it has a fixed meaning relating to chemical structure, thereby giving insights into chemical properties and derived molecular functions. These ...
Although the basic principles are fairly similar, the treatment of synonyms in botanical nomenclature differs in detail and terminology from zoological nomenclature, where the correct name is included among synonyms, although as first among equals it is the "senior synonym": Synonyms in botany are equivalent to "junior synonyms" in zoology.
Binomial nomenclature, as described here, is a system for naming species. Implicitly, it includes a system for naming genera, since the first part of the name of the species is a genus name. In a classification system based on ranks, there are also ways of naming ranks above the level of genus and below the level of species.
Drug nomenclature is the systematic naming of drugs, especially pharmaceutical drugs.In the majority of circumstances, drugs have 3 types of names: chemical names, the most important of which is the IUPAC name; generic or nonproprietary names, the most important of which are international nonproprietary names (INNs); and trade names, which are brand names. [1]
Latin has different singular and plural forms for nouns, verbs, and adjectives, in contrast to English where adjectives do not change for number. [10] Tundra Nenets can mark singular and plural on nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, and postpositions. [11] However, the most common part of speech to show a number distinction is pronouns.
The Geneva Nomenclature of 1892 was created as a result of many other meetings in the past, the first of which was established in 1860 by August Kekulé. Another entity called the International Association of Chemical Societies (IACS) existed, and on 1911, gave vital propositions the new one should address: [ 2 ]