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GraphQL supports reading, writing (mutating), and subscribing to changes to data (realtime updates – commonly implemented using WebSockets). [8] A GraphQL service is created by defining types with fields, then providing functions to resolve the data for each field. The types and fields make up what is known as the schema definition.
definition of graph schemas or types defined by assembling node type and edge type patterns, with subtyping [49] constraining the content of a graph by a closed or fixed schema; creating catalog entries for multiple named graphs in a hierarchically organized catalog; graph data sources to form a federated, heterogeneous catalog
GraphQL: an open-source data query and manipulation language for APIs. Dgraph implements modified GraphQL language called DQL (formerly GraphQL+-) Gremlin: a graph programming language that is a part of Apache TinkerPop open-source project [46] SPARQL: a query language for RDF databases that can retrieve and manipulate data stored in RDF format
For schema design, TerminusDB used the OWL language until version 10.0. Since version 10 it uses a JSON schema interface allowing users to build schemas using a simple JSON format. This provides a rich modelling language which enables constraints on the allowable shapes in the graph.
Using graph as a fundamental representation for data modeling is an emerging approach in data management. In this approach, the data set is modeled as a graph, representing each data entity as a vertex (also called a node) of the graph and each relationship between two entities as an edge between corresponding vertices.
The following examples of Gremlin queries and responses in a Gremlin-Groovy environment are relative to a graph representation of the MovieLens dataset. [4] The dataset includes users who rate movies. Users each have one occupation, and each movie has one or more categories associated with it. The MovieLens graph schema is detailed below.
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In the context of Oracle Databases, a schema object is a logical data storage structure. [4] An Oracle database associates a separate schema with each database user. [5] A schema comprises a collection of schema objects. Examples of schema objects include: tables; views; sequences; synonyms; indexes; clusters; database links; snapshots ...