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Fallot's tetralogy specimen, from the UCT Pathology Learning Centre. There is anatomic variation between the hearts of individuals with tetralogy of Fallot. [10] Primarily, the degree of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction varies between patients and generally determines clinical symptoms and disease progression. [10]
The most common cause of right-to-left shunt is the Tetralogy of Fallot, a congenital cardiac anomaly characterized by four co-existing heart defects. Pulmonary stenosis (narrowing of the pulmonary valve and outflow tract, obstructing blood flow from the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery)
The most typical form of APVS is a tetralogy of Fallot variant, [4] however, case studies have linked APVS to several different congenital cardiac syndromes, such as agenesis of ductus arteriosus, [5] persistent ductus arteriosus, [6] atrioventricular septal defect, [7] pulmonary branching abnormalities, [8] [9] transposition of the great arteries, [10] and type B interrupted aortic arch. [11]
The condition has been called a severe form of Tetralogy of Fallot. [ 18 ] [ 19 ] [ 9 ] [ 20 ] [ 21 ] [ 12 ] [ 11 ] If deformed blood vessels coming from the thoracic aorta appear alongside this condition, the phenotype is renamed to pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collaterals.
Trilogy of Fallot is a combination of three congenital heart defects: pulmonary stenosis, right ventricular hypertrophy, and an atrial septal defect. [1]The first two of these are also found in the more common tetralogy of Fallot.
The symptoms/signs of pulmonary atresia that will occur in babies are consistent with cyanosis, some fatigue and some shortness of breath (eating may be a problem as well). [1] In the case of pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect, decreased pulmonary blood flow may cause associated defects such as: [5] Tricuspid atresia; Tetralogy of ...
Cœur en sabot (French for "clog-shaped heart" or "boot-shaped heart" [1]) is a radiological sign seen most commonly in patients with tetralogy of Fallot, [2] a cyanotic congenital heart disease. It is a radiological term to describe the following findings in the x-ray: [ citation needed ]
In 1948, a 15-month-old white female was considered to have isolated levocardia, tetralogy of Fallot with an auricular septal defect, a left aortic arch and a left superior vena cava. Her condition was temporarily improved but she still died 6 months after the operation from gradually developed cardiac failure and anuria with uremia and ...