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A key difference between 1080i and 1080p is how the lines of resolution are displayed. Both offer 1920x1080 pixels, but the display method is different. In 1080p, the "p" stands for progressive scan. Each frame is drawn line by line, from top to bottom, creating a complete image in a single pass.
25i, also known as 50i, is an interlaced format showing 25 interlaced frames per second, or 50 fields per second, and is the standard broadcast framerate for countries with a PAL and SECAM television history (most of the world). The interlaced format sacrifices some detail in vertical resolution in favor of a higher apparent framerate, and can ...
It consists of a 525-line raster, with 486 lines carrying the visible image at 30 (29.97 with color) interlaced frames per second. It was eventually adopted by countries using 60 Hz utility frequency as TV broadcasts resumed after World War II.
To convert 24 frame/s film to 29.97 frame/s (presented as 59.94 interlaced fields per second) NTSC, a process called "3:2 pulldown" is used, in which every other film frame is duplicated across an additional interlaced field to achieve a framerate of 23.976 (the audio is slowed imperceptibly from the 24 frame/s source to match). This produces ...
2:2 pulldown is widely used in 50 Hz interlaced television systems to broadcast progressive material recorded at 25 frame/s, but is rarely used in 60 Hz systems. The 2:2 pulldown scheme had originally been designed for interlaced displays, so fine vertical details are usually filtered out to minimize interline twitter. PsF has been designed for ...
When the overall interlaced framerate is 60 frames per second, a pixel (or more critically for e.g. windowing systems or underlined text, a horizontal line) that spans only one scanline in height is visible for the 1/60 of a second that would be expected of a 60 Hz progressive display - but is then followed by 1/60 of a second of darkness ...
A similar 525-line system was adopted by countries using 60 Hz utility frequency (like the US). Other systems, like 375-line , 405-line , 441-line , 455-line and 819-line existed, but became outdated or had limited adoption.
In the United States and other countries where television uses the 59.94 Hz vertical scanning frequency, video is broadcast at 29.97 frame/s. For the film's motion to be accurately rendered on the video signal, a telecine must use a technique called the 2:3 pull down (or a variant called 3:2 pull down) to convert from 24 to 29.97 frame/s.