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The map of earlier Southeast Asia which evolved from the prehistoric networks of small settlements and reveals itself in historical records was a patchwork of often overlapping mandalas. [ 3 ] It is employed to denote traditional Southeast Asian political formations, such as federation of kingdoms or vassalized polity under a center of domination .
Ayutthaya politically followed the mandala system, commonly used throughout Southeast Asia kingdoms before the 19th century. In the 17th century, the Ayutthaya monarchs were able to frequently appoint non-natives as governors of Ayutthaya-controlled towns and cities, in order to prevent competition from its nobility.
Guided Democracy (Indonesian: Demokrasi Terpimpin), also called the Old Order (Indonesian: Orde Lama), was the political system in place in Indonesia from 1959 until the New Order began in 1966. This period followed the dissolution of the liberal democracy period in Indonesia by President Sukarno , who centralized control in the name of ...
The original drawing of the line in Wallace's paper. One of the earliest descriptions of the biodiversity in the Indo-Australian Archipelago dates back to 1521 when Venetian explorer Pigafetta recorded the biological contrasts between the Philippines and the Maluku Islands (Spice Islands) (on opposite sides of the Wallace's Line) during the continuation of the voyage of Ferdinand Magellan ...
Kedatuan, another term for the system of independent and semi-independent city-states in Maritime Southeast Asia; Mueang, similar concept in mainland Southeast Asia, especially in Thailand and Laos; Mandala, political model in ancient Southeast Asia; Christianization; Indian cultural influences in early Philippine polities
Mandala of Buddhas is the mandala consisting of nine major Buddhas of the past and the present Gautama Buddha occupying the ten directions. Mandala of Eight Devis includes the eight Devis occupying and protecting the eight corners of the Universe. In Sigālovāda Sutta, Buddha describes the relationships of a common lay persons in Mandala style.
Mandala (political model), a political model in medieval Southeast Asia Mandal , another word for Tehsil, an administrative division of some countries of South Asia Monthon , a former subdivision of Thailand
This is the list of diplomatic missions based in Jakarta, Indonesia. [1] As the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta hosts a number of embassies and missions of foreign countries and entities that have established diplomatic relations with Indonesia. Map of diplomatic missions in Indonesia