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Depth-first search (DFS) is an algorithm for traversing or searching tree or graph data structures. The algorithm starts at the root node (selecting some arbitrary node as the root node in the case of a graph) and explores as far as possible along each branch before backtracking.
function Depth-Limited-Search-Backward(u, Δ, B, F) is prepend u to B if Δ = 0 then if u in F then return u (Reached the marked node, use it as a relay node) remove the head node of B return null foreach parent of u do μ ← Depth-Limited-Search-Backward(parent, Δ − 1, B, F) if μ null then return μ remove the head node of B return null
The function strongconnect performs a single depth-first search of the graph, finding all successors from the node v, and reporting all strongly connected components of that subgraph. When each node finishes recursing, if its lowlink is still set to its index, then it is the root node of a strongly connected component, formed by all of the ...
This is a list of well-known data structures. For a wider list of terms, see list of terms relating to algorithms and data structures. For a comparison of running times for a subset of this list see comparison of data structures.
Animated example of a breadth-first search. Black: explored, grey: queued to be explored later on BFS on Maze-solving algorithm Top part of Tic-tac-toe game tree. Breadth-first search (BFS) is an algorithm for searching a tree data structure for a node that satisfies a given property.
In Python, functions are first-class objects that can be created and passed around dynamically. Python's limited support for anonymous functions is the lambda construct. An example is the anonymous function which squares its input, called with the argument of 5:
A singly-linked list structure, implementing a list with three integer elements. The term list is also used for several concrete data structures that can be used to implement abstract lists, especially linked lists and arrays. In some contexts, such as in Lisp programming, the term list may refer specifically to a linked list rather than an array.
A forest f consists of a list of trees, while a tree t consists of a pair of a value v and a forest f (its children). This definition is elegant and easy to work with abstractly (such as when proving theorems about properties of trees), as it expresses a tree in simple terms: a list of one type, and a pair of two types.