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White threads of fungal mycelium are sometimes visible underneath leaf litter in a forest floor. A mycorrhizal network (also known as a common mycorrhizal network or CMN ) is an underground network found in forests and other plant communities, created by the hyphae of mycorrhizal fungi joining with plant roots.
Plant communication encompasses communication using volatile organic compounds, electrical signaling, and common mycorrhizal networks between plants and a host of other organisms such as soil microbes, [2] other plants [3] (of the same or other species), animals, [4] insects, [5] and fungi. [6]
Suzanne Simard (born 1960) [3] is a Canadian scientist and Professor in the Department of Forest and Conservation Sciences at the University of British Columbia. [4] After growing up in the Monashee Mountains, British Columbia, [3] [5] [6] she received her PhD in Forest Sciences at Oregon State University. [4]
A mycorrhiza is a symbiotic association between a green plant and a fungus. The plant makes organic molecules by photosynthesis and supplies them to the fungus in the form of sugars or lipids, while the fungus supplies the plant with water and mineral nutrients, such as phosphorus, taken from the soil.
Ectomycorrhizal symbiosis, showing root tips with fungal mycelium from the genus Amanita. An ectomycorrhiza (from Greek ἐκτός ektos, "outside", μύκης mykes, "fungus", and ῥίζα rhiza, "root"; pl. ectomycorrhizas or ectomycorrhizae, abbreviated EcM) is a form of symbiotic relationship that occurs between a fungal symbiont, or mycobiont, and the roots of various plant species.
For instance, they can transfer nutrients to a developing fruiting body, or enable wood-rotting fungi to grow through soil from an established food base in search of new food sources. For parasitic fungi, they can help spread infection by growing from established clusters to uninfected parts.
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Ganoderma applanatum is parasitic and saprophytic, [2] and grows as a mycelium within the wood of living and dead trees. It grows in single, scattered, or compound formations. [ 2 ] It forms fruiting bodies that are 3–30 centimetres (1–12 inches) wide, 5–50 cm (2– 19 + 1 ⁄ 2 in) long and 1–10 cm ( 1 ⁄ 2 –4 in) thick, [ 1 ] hard ...