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A vestibular schwannoma (VS), also called acoustic neuroma, is a benign tumor that develops on the vestibulocochlear nerve that passes from the inner ear to the brain. The tumor originates when Schwann cells that form the insulating myelin sheath on the nerve malfunction.
Neurofibromatosis type II (also known as MISME syndrome – multiple inherited schwannomas, meningiomas, and ependymomas) is a genetic condition that may be inherited or may arise spontaneously, and causes benign tumors of the brain, spinal cord, and peripheral nerves.
An acoustic neuroma is a schwannoma on the vestibular nerve in the brain. This nerve is involved in hearing and patients with vestibular schwannomas experience hearing loss. However, bilateral vestibular schwannomas (vestibular schwannomas on both sides of the brain) do not occur in schwannomatosis. Juvenile vestibular tumors do not occur ...
Neurofibromatosis type II, in which bilateral acoustic neuromas (tumors of the vestibulocochlear nerve or cranial nerve 8 (CN VIII) also known as schwannoma) develop, often leading to hearing loss. [16] Schwannomatosis, in which painful schwannomas develop on spinal and peripheral nerves. [17]
The most common cerebellopontine angle (CPA) tumor is a vestibular schwannoma affecting cranial nerve VIII (80%), followed by meningioma (10%). The cranial nerves affected are (from most common to least common) : VIII (cochlear component), VIII (vestibular component), V Acoustic neuroma/vestibular schwannoma
Bilateral vestibular schwannomas are the most characteristic finding and in the vast majority of cases are benign. However, they are responsible for significant morbidity and are responsible for the most common presenting symptom of hearing loss in adults. [ 25 ]
Cellular schwannoma is nearly exclusively made up of a fascicular proliferation of well-differentiated Schwann cells that are cytologically bland, missing Verocay bodies, and just slightly exhibiting Antoni B pattern growth (10% of the tumor area). [12] [13] [14] Local recurrence is Variable (5-40%) and perhaps greater than in normal schwannomas.
Tumours can arise in the cerebellopontine angle. Four out of five of these tumours are vestibular schwannomas (commonly known as acoustic neuromas). [3] Others found include: Arachnoid cyst; Facial nerve tumour; Lipoma; Meningioma; Schwannoma of other cranial nerves (e.g. CN V >VII>IX, X, XI) Metastasis; Intracranial epidermoid cyst